muscle (348)

Question 1

3 types of muscle tissues

Answer 1

• skeletal
• cardiac
• smooth

Question 2

which types of muscle tissue is striated?

Answer 2

skeletal, cardiac

Question 3

which type of tissue is involuntary?

Answer 3

cardiac

Question 4

what special structure found in cardiac muscle tissue?

Answer 4

intercalated discs

Question 5

which type of muscle is nonstraited?

Answer 5

smooth

Question 6

organization of skeletal muscle

Answer 6

• muscle tissue
• CT
• nerves
• blood vessels

Question 7

3 layers of CT within skeletal muscle

Answer 7

1. epimysium
2. perimysium
3. endomysium

Question 8

Epimysium

Answer 8

surrounds entire muscle

Question 9

Perimysium

Answer 9

surrounds fascicles (bundles of fibers)

Question 10

Endomysium

Answer 10

surrounds individual fibers

Question 11

which structure in skeletal muscle fiber is the cell membrane of muscle fiber?

Answer 11

sarcolemma

Question 12

which structure in skeletal muscle fiber transmits AP through fiber?

Answer 12

transverse tubules ( T tubules)

Question 13

which structure in skeletal muscle fiber is the cytoplasm of fiber?

Answer 13

sarcoplasm

Question 14

which structure in skeletal muscle fiber is the membranous structure surrounding each myofibril?

Answer 14

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

which structure in skeletal muscle fiber attach SR to T tubules and concentrate Ca2+?

Answer 15

terminal cisternae

Question 16

what does myofibrils made of?

Answer 16

myofilaments (thin and thick)

Question 17

thin filament is ________

Answer 17

actin

Question 18

thick filament is _________

Answer 18

myosin

Question 19

what is the contractile units of muscle?

Answer 19

sarcomeres

Question 20

which filament is A bands?

Answer 20

thick filaments

Question 21

which filament is I bands?

Answer 21

thin filaments

Question 22

2 components of thin filament

Answer 22

• tropomyosin
• troponin

Question 23

what can tropomyosin do?

Answer 23

Blocks active site on G-actin

Question 24

what can troponin do?

Answer 24

Binds tropomyosin to F-actin regulated by Ca2+

Question 25

thick filament contain _________ strands that recoil after stretching

Answer 25

titin

Question 26

Ca2+ bind to receptor on ________ molecule during cross bridge formation

Answer 26

troponin

Question 27

exposure of active site of F-actin casue _______ to bind

Answer 27

myosin

Question 28

events during sliding filament theory

Answer 28

- thin filament: move toward M line - A zone: same length - Z line: move closer together

Question 29

what happen to Ca2+ during relaxation?

Answer 29

- concentration drop - detaches from troponin

Question 30

Rigor Mortis

Answer 30

A fixed muscular contraction after death

Question 31

what caused rigor mortis?

Answer 31

Ion pumps cease to function

Question 32

Tension produced by a fiber depends on:

Answer 32

* number of pivoting cross-bridges * resting length at the time of stimulation * The frequency of stimulation

Question 33

A single neural stimulation produces a single contraction =

Answer 33

twitch

Question 34

wave summation?

Answer 34

Increasing tension or summation of twitches

Question 35

Tension produced by entire muscle depends on:

Answer 35

* Internal tension produced by muscle fibers * External tension exerted on elastic fibers * Total number of muscle fibers stimulated

Question 36

Multiple muscle fibers controlled by a single _____ _______

Answer 36

motor neuron (motor unit)

Question 37

Recruitment

Answer 37

multiple motor unit summation

Question 38

Muscle tone

Answer 38

The normal tension of a muscle at rest

Question 39

Muscle Hypertrophy

Answer 39

* Increases diameter of muscle fibers (not number) * Increases number of myofibrils

Question 40

Muscle Atrophy

Answer 40

Lack of muscle activity -> Reduces muscle size, tone, and power

Question 41

Muscle Fatigue

Answer 41

no longer perform a required activity

Question 42

Muscle Performance

Answer 42

- force - endurance

Question 43

Force

Answer 43

tension produced during contraction

Question 44

Endurance

Answer 44

amount of time an activity can be sustained

Question 45

Skeletal muscles consist of a mixture of 3 fiber types:

Answer 45

* Slow oxidative (SO) fibers – Type I * Fast oxidative (FO) fibers – Type IIa * Fast glycolytic (FG) fibers – Type IIb

Question 46

Slow oxidative (SO) fibers – Type I

Answer 46

Small, aerobic, fatigue resistant

Question 47

Fast oxidative (FO) fibers – Type IIa

Answer 47

Intermediate

Question 48

Fast glycolytic (FG) fibers – Type IIb

Answer 48

Large, anaerobic, only contract for short burst