Axial Skeleton Flashcards
(51 cards)
What structure is the most cranial boundary of the abdominal cavity?
A cranial pelvic aperture
B last rib
C manubrium
D xiphoid
Xiphoid
What are the two main parts of the skeleton?
Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton
The axial skeleton includes the skull, hyoid, spine, and ribcage, while the appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs, including the pelvis.
What does the axial skeleton consist of?
Skull, hyoid, spine, and ribcage
The axial skeleton serves as the central framework of the body.
What are the two sections of the skull?
Facial bones and Cranial bones
The facial bones form the face, while the cranial bones protect the brain.
What is the mandible?
The jaw bone made up of two mandibles
The mandibles are joined at the mandibular symphysis and articulate with the skull.
What is the function of the horizontal ramus of the mandible?
Contains all the lower teeth
The horizontal ramus is a key component of the mandible.
What is the coronoid process?
Dorsal part of the vertical ramus of the mandible
It is the attachment site for large muscles.
What does the maxilla form?
Lateral surface of the muzzle and contains upper cheek teeth
The maxilla is essential for the structure of the face.
What is the nasal bone’s role?
Forms the dorsal surface of the muzzle
It contains turbinates or conchae that project into the nasal cavities.
What are the three types of face shapes based on the conformation of the maxillae and nasal bones?
Brachycephalic, mesocephalic, doliocephalic
These terms describe short-nosed, medium-nosed, and long-nosed animals, respectively.
What does the frontal bone form?
Cranio-dorsal part of the cranium
The frontal bone also contains a paranasal sinus.
What is the parietal bone’s location?
Caudo-dorsal part of the cranium
It contributes to the structure of the skull.
What is the occipital bone’s significance?
Forms the caudal part of the skull and articulates with the spine
It contains the foramen magnum for spinal cord exit and the jugular process for muscle attachment.
What does the temporal bone contain?
External auditory meatus and tympanic bulla
The temporal bone forms part of the lateral and ventral cranium.
What joint does the temporal bone form?
Temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ)
This synovial joint allows movement of the jaw.
What is the zygomatic arch?
Bony arch that forms the ventral orbit
It serves to protect the eye.
What is the external sagittal crest?
Bony crest on the dorsal surface of the skull
It is an important feature for muscle attachment.
What is the hyoid apparatus?
A small collection of bones in the neck that supports the larynx and connects it to the temporal bone.
The hyoid apparatus includes the epiglottis.
What is the primary function of the spine?
To provide structural support and protect the spinal cord.
The spine is made up of a long row of vertebrae.
List the basic parts of a vertebra.
- Spinous process
- Transverse processes
- Vertebral foramen
- Vertebral body
All vertebrae share these basic structural components.
What is the spinous process?
The dorsal projection of a vertebra.
It is one of the basic parts of a vertebra.
What is the function of the vertebral foramen?
It is the large central hole where the spinal cord runs.
This hole is crucial for the protection and passage of the spinal cord.
What are the transverse processes?
The projections that extend laterally from a vertebra.
They provide attachment points for muscles and ligaments.
What connects all vertebrae together?
Ligaments and intervertebral discs.
These structures contribute to the stability and flexibility of the spine.
