Axial Skeleton

Question 1

Surround and protect the brain

Provide surface features that allow attachment of head and neck muscles

​Contribute to the housing and protection of special sense organs

The singular frontal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid
The paired temporal and the paired parietal

Answer 1

Cranial bones

Question 2

Form the underlying scaffold for the face

Provide passages for air and food

Provide an anchor site for the teeth

Provide anchor sites for muscles of the face

Help form cavities for the special sense organs (working in concert with the cranial bones)

The singular mandible and vomer
The paired maxillary, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, palatine, and inferior nasal conchae

Answer 2

Facial Bones

Question 3

The largest and which surrounds the brain,

formed by the cranial bones.

Answer 3

Cranial cavity

Question 4

Contain eyeballs, blood vessels, muscles, nerves, and lacrimal glands that secrete tears.
Formed by parts of seven bones:

Answer 4

Orbital cavity

Question 5

Contains passages for air and special sensory neurons for smell; it is considered the first part of the respiratory tract.

Formed by several bones that are lined with mucous membranes:

Answer 5

Nasal Cavity

Question 6

​Contains teeth, tongue, a passage for both food and air, and most of the salivary glands

It is considered to be the first part of the gastrointestinal tract

The roof is formed by the hard palate (which is also the floor of the nasal cavity)

Maxillae and mandible bones form the front and side walls of this cavity

This cavity is unique in that it lacks a bony floor and bony back wall; the floor and bottom parts are formed by soft tissues including both muscle and connective tissue

Answer 6

Oral Cavity

Question 7

t is the only bone in your body that does not articulate with any other bone

s position in the neck is maintained by a combination of ligaments and muscles that tether the hyoid to both the styloid process

serve as important sites of attachment for muscles involved in swallowing and phonation

Answer 7

Hyoid Bone

Question 8

associated with the neck

Answer 8

cervical vertebrae

Question 9

that articulate with the rib bones

Answer 9

thoracic vertebrae

Question 10

associated with the lower back region

Answer 10

lumbar vertebrae

Question 11

that articulate with the pelvic bones

Answer 11

Sacral vertebrae

Question 12

at the very end of the vertebral column

Answer 12

coccygeal vertebrae

Question 13

sit between adjacent bodies and cushion/absorb the physical shock to the column as we actively move around.

Answer 13

vertebral discs

Question 14

stabilizes the rib cage and protects vital organs

manibrium contains notches that articulate with pectoral girdles and attach to first ribs

Body contains notches for articulations with 2nd and 7th rib

xiphoid process is where abdominal muscles attach to sternum

Answer 14

Bones of the sternum

Question 15

the ___ is formed by 12 pairs of rib bones and their associated anterior costal cartilage

Answer 15

rib cage

Question 16

true ribs, each attached to the sternum via intercostal cartilage

Answer 16

Ribs 1-7

Question 17

false ribs, share costal cartilage

Answer 17

ribs 8-12

Question 18

floating ribs, do not attach to sternum

Answer 18

ribs 11-12

Question 19

total bone mass/ density

orientation of forces on bone

material properties of the bone

Answer 19

Factors that influence bone breakage

Question 20

occurs on the convex side of a curved bone

Answer 20

greenstick fracture

Question 21

fractures result in at least two bone fragments

Answer 21

comminuted

Question 22

runs perpendicular to the long axis of a bone

Answer 22

transverse fracture

Question 23

fracture runs at an angle to the long axis of the bone

Answer 23

oblique

Question 24

runs a helical course around a bone

Answer 24

spiral fracture