Bones and Axial Skeleton

Question 1

he skeleton is divided into two broad categories

Answer 1

axial and appendicular

Question 2

Includes the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs.

Answer 2

axial

Question 3

includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs, the girdles that support them, the hands, and the feet.

Answer 3

appendicular

Question 4

Which of the following is not a function of the skeleton?

Answer 4

Sodium Ion Homeostasis

Question 5

The most predominant tissue

Answer 5

Osseous tissue

Question 6

comes in two types

Answer 6

marrow

Question 7

the site of blood cell production

Answer 7

red marrow

Question 8

site for fat storage

Answer 8

yellow marrow

Question 9

outermost layer of a bone

Answer 9

periosteum

Question 10

provides strength and resistance to compression, twisting, and shearing stress that would otherwise break the bone.

Answer 10

compact bone

Question 11

lies underneath the compact bone

Answer 11

spongy bone

Question 12

a thin layer of connective tissue

Answer 12

endosteum

Question 13

The long axis, or shaft, of a long bone

Answer 13

dialysis

Question 14

The rounded ends

Answer 14

epiphyses

Question 15

educes friction from the adjoining bones

Answer 15

hyaline cartilage

Question 16

notable lines that run across both the proximal and distal ends of the bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis.

Answer 16

epiphyseal lines

Question 17

these bones are longer than they are wide; it is the shape of the bone not the size that matters in this case

Answer 17

Long bone

Question 18

these bones are equally long and wide, thus a cube in shape

Answer 18

Short bone

Question 19

these bones are thin, broad, and commonly curved;

Answer 19

flat

Question 20

the word, in this case, implies a sesame seed shape; these are specialized bones found within tendons; they are described as small, flat, and oval shaped; their important role is to increase muscle leverage and increase the longevity of tendons

Answer 20

sesamoid

Question 21

this is a category describing all bones that do not easily fit into the previous four shape classifications

Answer 21

Irregular

Question 22

allow blood vessels and nerves to traverse along a bone and may also provide a location where two bones can articulate

cleft of varying depth in a bone; located where a bone meets another structure, such as another bone or a blood vessel.

Answer 22

depression

Question 23

are holes in the bone that allow blood vessels and nerves to pass through the bone

and still provide adequate protection to the softer underlying structures; they include: canal (or meatus), fissure, and foramen.

Answer 23

Openings

Question 24

are bony extensions that come in lots of shapes and sizes; they serve as attachment sites for muscles, tendons, and ligaments, and some stabilize joints by fitting into depressions of other bones; large in number, they include: condyle, crest, head, tubercle/tuberosity, epicondyle, process, spine, protuberance, and line.

Answer 24

Projections

Question 25

it contains a population of hematopoietic stem cells

Answer 25

Marrow cells

Question 26

main function is to build bone (blasts are builders)

Answer 26

osteoblasts

Question 27

are mature osteoblasts that maintain bone health

Answer 27

osteocytes

Question 28

the cells responsible for bone breakdown

Answer 28

osteoclasts

Question 29

Compact bones contains many small and tight packed units called

Answer 29

osteon

Question 30

each osteon contains a ___ ___ for nerves and blood vessels

Answer 30

central canal

Question 31

he central canals of neighboring osteons connect to each other via perpendicularly positioned canals

Answer 31

perforating canals

Question 32

connect adjacent lacunae containing osteocytes and their secretions.

Answer 32

canaliculi

Question 33

form and allow small molecules to pass directly from the cytosol of one cell’s extension directly into the other cell’s cytosol.

Answer 33

gap functions

Question 34

• a loosely gathered meshwork of extensively branched bone tissue.

lack osteons and both central and perforating canals.

Each “beam” contains concentric lamellae, lacunae , and canaliculi that allow contact and communication between osteocytes

Answer 34

trabeculae

Question 35

is the most frequently encountered bone disease

stooped posture, increase susceptibility of fractures

Answer 35

osteoporosis

Question 36

movimiento en todos los planos rotacion y circular

Answer 36

bola y cuenca (esferoidal)

Question 37

movimiento en dos planos

Answer 37

condiloide o elipsoidal

Question 38

enter dos superficies planas movimientos en dos dirrecciones y torcion

Answer 38

artroidal o deslizamiento

Question 39

movimiento en un plano

Answer 39

Ginglimoidal o de bisagra

Question 40

rotacion de un hueso dentro de un anillo de hueso o ligamento

Answer 40

Trocoidal o de pivote

Question 41

movimiento en varies direcciones

Answer 41

de silly