Bones and Axial Skeleton Flashcards
(41 cards)
he skeleton is divided into two broad categories
axial and appendicular
Includes the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs.
axial
includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs, the girdles that support them, the hands, and the feet.
appendicular
Which of the following is not a function of the skeleton?
Sodium Ion Homeostasis
The most predominant tissue
Osseous tissue
comes in two types
marrow
the site of blood cell production
red marrow
site for fat storage
yellow marrow
outermost layer of a bone
periosteum
provides strength and resistance to compression, twisting, and shearing stress that would otherwise break the bone.
compact bone
lies underneath the compact bone
spongy bone
a thin layer of connective tissue
endosteum
The long axis, or shaft, of a long bone
dialysis
The rounded ends
epiphyses
educes friction from the adjoining bones
hyaline cartilage
notable lines that run across both the proximal and distal ends of the bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis.
epiphyseal lines
these bones are longer than they are wide; it is the shape of the bone not the size that matters in this case
Long bone
these bones are equally long and wide, thus a cube in shape
Short bone
these bones are thin, broad, and commonly curved;
flat
the word, in this case, implies a sesame seed shape; these are specialized bones found within tendons; they are described as small, flat, and oval shaped; their important role is to increase muscle leverage and increase the longevity of tendons
sesamoid
this is a category describing all bones that do not easily fit into the previous four shape classifications
Irregular
allow blood vessels and nerves to traverse along a bone and may also provide a location where two bones can articulate
cleft of varying depth in a bone; located where a bone meets another structure, such as another bone or a blood vessel.
depression
are holes in the bone that allow blood vessels and nerves to pass through the bone
and still provide adequate protection to the softer underlying structures; they include: canal (or meatus), fissure, and foramen.
Openings
are bony extensions that come in lots of shapes and sizes; they serve as attachment sites for muscles, tendons, and ligaments, and some stabilize joints by fitting into depressions of other bones; large in number, they include: condyle, crest, head, tubercle/tuberosity, epicondyle, process, spine, protuberance, and line.
Projections
