Integumentary System Cont.

Question 1

exocrine glands

Answer 1

cutaneous glands

Question 2

cutaneous glands divided into:

Answer 2

Sebaceous

Sweat

Question 3

found all over except in the palms of the hand and soles of the feet.

produces product called sebum

their ducts empty usually into a hair follicle but some open directly into the skin

acne
blackheads
whiteheads

Answer 3

Sebaceous Glands

Question 4

mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells

Answer 4

Sebum

Question 5

active infection of the sebaceous gland

Answer 5

acne

Question 6

Sweat glands divide into 2

Answer 6

Eccrine

Apocrine

Question 7

found all over the body

the produce sweat

Answer 7

Eccrine

Question 8

found in axillary and genital areas

Secretion contains fatty acids and proteins

milky or yellowish

Answer 8

apocrine

Question 9

clear secretion of water, some salts, vitamin C, urea

traces of metabolic waste and lactic acid.

Answer 9

sweat

Question 10

protects against the entrance of foreign substances

protects you from UV radiation exposure and insulates your head to help regulate body temperature

s an important sensory organ

Answer 10

hair functions

Question 11

hair grows from cells at the base of the ___ (___)

Answer 11

follicle (hair bulbs)

Question 12

hair ___ contains connective tissue, __ ___ and __

Answer 12

papilla
blood vessels
nerves

Question 13

Hair matrix within the papilla is responsible for:

Answer 13

producing new hair.

Question 14

inner layer
cells contain soft keratin

formed by cells closest to the hair matrix

Answer 14

medulla

Question 15

middle layer

cells contain hard keratin

formed by cells near the edge of the hair matrix

Answer 15

cortex

Question 16

outer layer

cells contain hard keratin
formed by cells near the edge of the matrix

Answer 16

cuticle

Question 17

coarse hairs, some develop during puberty

scalp or eyebrows

Answer 17

terminal hairs

Question 18

fine hairs located over much of the body surface

Answer 18

vellus hair

Question 19

Hair growth occurs in 3 phases

Answer 19

1. anagen
2. catagen
3. Telogen

Question 20

active phase, new hair production

Answer 20

anagen

Question 21

marks the end of the active phase

Answer 21

catagen

Question 22

resting period for the hair follicle

Answer 22

talegen

Question 23

small piece of smooth muscle

causes the formation of “ goosebumps”

Answer 23

arrestor pili muscle

Question 24

composed of packed cells that contain large amounts of hard keratin proteins.

Answer 24

Nail

Question 25

3 parts of the nails:

Answer 25

plate, matrix, bed

Question 26

Fold of skin that protects the nail matrix

Answer 26

cuticle

Question 27

Lies beneath nail plate capillaries give nails their pink color

Answer 27

Nail bed

Question 28

Produces the nail plate and small fold of epidermis (visible as lunula) Contains nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic

Answer 28

Nail Matrix

Question 29

areas of the skin unnerved by the spinal nerves registers cutaneous sensations

Answer 29

dermatome

Question 30

Homeostatic Imbalances of Skin (Infections and Allergies)

Answer 30

1. Athlete's foot 2. furuncles and carbuncles 3. cold sores (fever blisters) 4. Contact dermatitis 5. Impetigo 6. Psoriasis

Question 31

An itchy, red, peeling condition of the skin between the toes, resulting from an infection with the fungus Tinea pedis.

Answer 31

Athlete's foot

Question 32

are caused by inflammation of hair follicles and surrounding tissues, commonly on the dorsal neck. are clusters of boils often caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.

Answer 32

furuncles carbuncles

Question 33

Small fluid-filled blisters that itch and sting, caused by human herpesvirus 1 infection. The virus localizes in a cutaneous nerve, where it remains dormant until activated by emotional upset, fever, or UV radiation. usually occur around the lips and in the oral mucosa of the mouth and nose

Answer 33

Cold sores

Question 34

Itching, redness, and swell- ing of the skin, progressing to blistering. It is caused by exposure of the skin to chemicals (such as those in poison ivy) that provoke allergic responses in sensitive individuals.

Answer 34

Contact dermatitis

Question 35

Pink, fluid-filled, raised lesions (commonly around the mouth and nose) that develop a yellow crust and eventually rupture (Figure 4.9b). Caused by highly contagious staphylo- coccus or streptococcus infections, impetigo is common in elementary school–aged children.

Answer 35

Impetigo

Question 36

Attacks are often triggered by trauma, infection, hormonal changes, or stress Characterized by red- dened epidermal lesions covered with dry, sil- very scales that itch, burn, crack, and sometimes bleed

Answer 36

Psoriasis

Question 37

is tissue damage and cell death caused by intense heat, electricity, UV radiation (sunburn), or certain chemicals (such as acids), which denature proteins and cause cell death in the affected areas.

Answer 37

Burns

Question 38

Dehydration electrolyte imbalance follow circulatory shock (inadequate circulation of blood caused by low blood volume).

Answer 38

Peligros avocados a las quemaduras

Question 39

The volume of fluid lost can be estimated indi- rectly by determining how much of the body sur- face is burned (extent of burns), using the

Answer 39

rule of nines

Question 40

only the superficial epidermis is damaged. The area becomes red and swollen.

Answer 40

first-degree burns

Question 41

involve injury to the epidermis and the superficial part of the dermis. The skin is red, painful, and blistered.

Answer 41

Second degree burns

Question 42

destroy both the epidermis and the dermis and often extend into the subcutaneous tissue, reflect- ing their categorization as full thickness burns. Blisters are usually present, and the burned area appears blanched (gray-white) or blackened.

Answer 42

Third degree burns

Question 43

are also full-thickness burns, but they extend into deeper tissues such as bone, muscle, or tendons. These burns appear dry and leathery, and they require surgery and grafting to cover exposed tissu

Answer 43

Fourth degree burns

Question 44

is the least malignant and most common skin cancer. Cells of the stratum basale, altered so that they cannot form keratin, no longer honor the boundary between epidermis and der- mis.

Answer 44

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 45

rises from the cells of the stratum spino- sum. It grows rapidly and metastasizes to adjacent lymph nodes if not removed. This epidermal can- cer is also believed to be induced by UV exposure. If it is caught early and removed surgically or by radiation therapy, the chance of complete cure is good.

Answer 45

Squamous cell carci- noma

Question 46

is a cancer of melanocytes. it is often deadly. metasta- sizes rapidly to surrounding lymph and blood vessels Apply the ABCDE rule

Answer 46

Malignant melanoma

Question 47

ABCDE rule

Answer 47

1. asymmetry 2. Border irregularity 3. color 4. Diameter 5. Evolution