Endocrine System

Question 1

Endocrine System

Answer 1

collection of cells, tissues and glands that play an important role with the CNS in the maintenance of homeostasis

Question 2

maintenance of an internal environment at a set point in the face of changing external environment

Answer 2

homeostasis

Question 3

It is a central mechanism through which cells communicate with other cells and regulate physiological processes

Answer 3

Endocrine

Question 4

The endocrine system differs from the CNS in that ___ cells release chemical messengers known as ___

Answer 4

endocrine

hormones

Question 5

travel to target cells through the blood

Answer 5

hormones

Question 6

release chemical messengers (hormones) into the blood stream.

Answer 6

endocrine cells

Question 7

only cells with receptors for that a particular hormone will respond

Answer 7

endocrine cells

Question 8

In concert with the CNS, the endocrine system regulates a wide range of physiological processes including, but not limited to, ____, _____, ____, and _____ ____.

Answer 8

metabolism
growth
development
sexual reproduction

Question 9

the endocrine system is very __ and ____.

Answer 9

diverse

decentralized.

Question 10

releasing and inhibitory hormones

Answer 10

hypothalamus

Question 11

systemic hormones

Answer 11

pituitary gland

Question 12

Leptin

Answer 12

adipose

Question 13

Atrial natriuretic factor

Answer 13

Heart

Question 14

Erythropoietin
and
Insulin like growth factor (IGF)

Answer 14

Liver

Question 15

Steroids

catecholamine

Answer 15

Adrenal glands

Question 16

estrogen

inhibin

Answer 16

ovaries

Question 17

Melatonin

Answer 17

Pineal Gland

Question 18

Thyroxine

Answer 18

Thyroid

Question 19

parathyroid

calcitonin

Answer 19

Parathyroid

Question 20

Gastrin

Answer 20

Stomach

Question 21

Insulin

Glucagon

Answer 21

Pancreas

Question 22

Calcitriol

Angiotensin II

Answer 22

Kidney

Question 23

Secretin

Answer 23

Intestine

Question 24

Testosterone

Inhibin

Answer 24

Testes

Question 25

Modified epithelium and neurons have ___ ___

Answer 25

endocrine functions

Question 26

Most endocrine cells are commonly derived from ___ ___and are found inside an ___ or a distinct ___ ___.

Answer 26

secretory epithelium organ endocrine gland

Question 27

Secretes hormone into blood can be a neuron is found as part of the organs like the heart s found within endocrine glands

Answer 27

endocrine cells

Question 28

Regulation of a wide range of physiological processes Variety in chemical structure Released in very low quantities (10-11 M) Movement solely through diffusion (and through the plasma) Binding to receptors on target cells Release in response to changes in homeostasis

Answer 28

General Properties of hormones

Question 29

cell may release a chemical message onto itself

Answer 29

autocrine effect

Question 30

a cell may release a chemical messenger into the interstitial fluid onto neighbors

Answer 30

paracrine effect

Question 31

_____ can be a neurotransmitter when released to neurons, but a hormone when released into the blood

Answer 31

Norepinephrine

Question 32

Cellular metabolism Tissue maturation Blood levels of several critical ions The body’s fluid balance The production of immune cells The cardiovascular system Blood levels of a wide range of nutrients Reproduction, and parturition (birthing)

Answer 32

Processes regulated by the endocrine system

Question 33

If target cells remove receptors from the plasma membrane decreasing receptor levels on target cells

Answer 33

downregulation

Question 34

increasing the expression of receptors for a hormone increasing receptor levels on target cells

Answer 34

up regulation

Question 35

process of hormones regulating the expression of receptors for other hormone

Answer 35

permissiveness

Question 36

Are found throughout the body Express a receptor for that hormone Convert the information carried in the hormone structure into a cellular signal Play key roles in the regulation of physiological processes

Answer 36

Hormone target cells

Question 37

___ don't approach zero | instead they fluctuate between high and low (amplitude)

Answer 37

hormones

Question 38

release is an all-or-none process that varies in its frequency (frequency)

Answer 38

neurotransmitter

Question 39

Peptide and protein Hormones are synthesized in an Inactive form

Answer 39

encoded by genes

Question 40

Synthesis of Amini Acid Derivative Hormones

Answer 40

biochemically synthesized from amino acids stored with vesicles

Question 41

changes in a critical physiological factor to input from the nervous system directly through the release of neurohormones the actions of other hormones In response to mechanical stresses (heart atria) or cellular metabolism

Answer 41

Hormone secretion is regulated by:

Question 42

The lipid-soluble hormone is transported ___________.

Answer 42

complexed to carrier proteins

Question 43

smaller than kidney filtration barrier | excreted in urine

Answer 43

water soluble free hormone

Question 44

Some excreted in urine | otherwise excreted in GI tract

Answer 44

lipid soluble hormone

Question 45

time required to reduce blood concentration of hormones by 50%

Answer 45

half time

Question 46

metabolism can change ___ levels or activity

Answer 46

hormone

Question 47

integral membrane proteins extracellular region binds hormone intracellular region interacts with G protein

Answer 47

G-protein coupled receptor (GPCRs)

Question 48

is a compound that can bind to a hormone receptor and produce the same effects as the hormone

Answer 48

. An agonist

Question 49

Integral membrane proteins Extracellular region binds hormone Intracellular region contains a kinase domain; directly activates enzymes without G-proteins

Answer 49

One Transmembrane Spanning Receptors (1-TMS)

Question 50

Found inside the cell Act as transcription factors Generally cytoplasmic proteins complexed with heat shock proteins (HSPs) Hormone binding leads to dissociation of HSPs, dimerization to a second bound receptor, and translocation to the nucleus

Answer 50

Nuclear Receptors