B Flashcards
1
Q
An organisms interaction with its environment that results in a measurable change in the environment
A
Behavior
2
Q
A specific instance of behavior
A
Response
3
Q
Physical shape or form of behavior
A
Response topography
4
Q
A group of responses with the same function (do things differently to get the same result)
A
Response class
5
Q
All behaviors a person can do relevant to specific settings or tasks
A
Repertoire
6
Q
An object or event that elicits a response
A
Stimulus
7
Q
A group of stimuli that share common elements
A
Stimulus class
8
Q
What dimensions can a stimulus class share
A
Formal dimensions, temporal locus, behavioral function - delayed effects/immediate effects
9
Q
Environmental condition or stimulus change that exist or occur prior to the behavior
A
Antecedent
10
Q
A stimulus change that follows a behavior
A
Consequence
11
Q
Another person presents an antecedent stimulus and/or consequence for the behavior
A
Socially-mediated
12
Q
An environmental variable that strengthens or weakens the value of a consequence as a reinforcer
A
Motivating operation (MO)
13
Q
A MO that increases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event
A
Establishing Operation (EO)
14
Q
A MO that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event
A
Abolishing Operation (AO)
15
Q
An increase in the future frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event
A
Evocative effect
16
Q
A decrease in the future frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event
A
Ablative Effect
17
Q
EO’s and AO’s are what kind of effect
A
Value altering effects
18
Q
Evocative and Abative effects are what type of effect
A
Behavior altering effect
19
Q
Behavior altering effects can be
A
Direct or indirect
20
Q
What effect is a change in the pairing of a stimulus and response (asking for a break instead of a tantrum for a break) due to intervention
A
Function altering effects
21
Q
A MO controls behavior because of its relation to the _____ of a reinforcer for that behavior
(An edible- hungry yes, just ate no)
A
Differential effectiveness
22
Q
An SD controls behavior because it’s presence has been correlated with its ____ of an effective reinforcer in the past (smell of fast food only in one place )
A
Differential availability
23
Q
A MO whose value altering effect depends on a learning history (learned to need)
A
Conditioned MO (cmo)
24
Q
A previous neutral stimulus that acquired its MO by being paired with a UMO
A
CMO-s (surrogate)
25
Mom puts a tired toddler to sleep. She always reads her a book about dinosaurs. One day she forgets to read the book and the toddler refuses to sleep. She quickly gets the book and puts the toddler to sleep.
The dinosaur book is a ____
CMO-s
26
A stimulus that acquires MO effectiveness by preceding some form of worsening or improving. (Avoid or a positive)
CMO-R (reflexive)
27
You work with an aversive co-worker. The co-worker is constantly nagging, when you hear her voice you avoid her at all cost
CMO-R
28
When an environmental variable establishes or abolished the effectiveness of another event as a reinforcer or punisher
CMO-T
29
Someone puts a lock on the fridge. The key is a ____ when food is a reinforcer
CMO-t
30
What type of conditioning learning is produced by stimulus-stimulus pairing
Respondent conditioning
31
What kind of conditioning learning is produced by response stimulus pairing
Operant conditioning
32
Pavlov dog saliva
Stimulus-stimulus pairing ______
Unconditioned stimulus ______
Neutral stimulus ______
Conditioned stimulus _______
Conditioned reflex ______
Metronome (NS) and sight of food (US)
Food
Sound of metronome
Sound of metronome
Salvation at the sound of the metronome
33
When the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus
Respondent extinction
34
Stimulus change that increases the future frequency of behavior that immediately proceeds it
Reinforcer
35
Stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of behavior that immediately proceeds it
Punisher
36
Something is added to encourage behavior
Positive reinforcement
37
Something is removed to encourage behavior (frequency of a behavior increases because in the past stimuli was stopped)
Negative reinforcement
38
_______ increases the frequency of desirable behavior
_______ decreases the frequency of undesirable behavior
Reinforcement
Punishment
39
Something is added to discourage behavior
Positive punishment
40
Something is removed to discourage behavior
Negative punishmrnt
41
A person receives a speeding ticket for driving too fast
Positive punishment
42
Praise, certificate, trophy are forms of
Positive reinforcement
43
Elimination of a headache after taking Motrin
Negative reinforcement
44
Loosing access to a toy or activity after lying
Negative punishment
45
_____ is applying a stimulus
_____ is removing a stimulus
Positive
Negative
46
A stimulus change that can increase the future frequency without prior pairing with any other reinforcer
Satisfy a biological need
Eg food, water, sexual stimulation, sleep
Unconditioned reinforcer
47
If the UMO is hunger what would a unconditioned reinforcer be
Food
48
Stimulus change that can decrease the future frequency without prior pairing with any other reinforcer
Unconditioned punisher
49
UMO is pain what is the unconditioned punisher
Stop doing what is causing pain
50
Behavior occurs without anyone around. Sensory
Automatic reinforcement
51
Reinforcement that occurs via another person
Socially mediated reinforcement
52
A baby cries and receives milk from a parent.
Socially mediated reinforcement
53
Biting fingernails, spinning
Automatic reinforcement
54
A conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with many UR and CRs and doesn’t depend on the current EO for effectiveness (social attention)
Generalized conditioned reinforcer
55
A learned reinforcer less immediately satisfying
Eg money, grades, attention
Conditioned reinforcer
56
5 classifications of reinforcers
Edible, sensory, tangible, activity, social
57
What contingency terminated an ongoing stimulus
Eg turn off loud music, wear sunglasses
Escape contingency
58
What contingency prevents/postponed presentation of a stimulus
Eg not going certain places to avoid someone
Avoidance contingency
59
What factors can influence the effectiveness of punishment
Immediacy of delivery
Intensity of punishment
Schedule of consistency
Reducing reinforcement for the target behavior
Reinforcing alternate behavior
60
A rule that describes a contingency of reinforcement
Schedule of reinforcement
61
Provides reinforcement for each occurrence of behavior
Continuous schedule of reinforcement
62
Provides reinforcement for some but not all occurrences of behavior
Intermittent schedules of reinforcement
63
Reinforcement delivered after an unpredicted (average) number of responses
Variable ratio
64
Reinforcement is delivered after a predicted number of responses
Fixed ratio
65
Reinforcement is delivered after unpredictable time intervals (approximately)
Variable interval
66
Reinforcement is delivered after predictable time interval
Fixed interval
67
What is the order of the schedules from highest to lowest rate of responding
Continuous
VR
FR
VI
FI
68
A vending machine is an example of what schedule of reinforcement
Continuous reinforcement
69
Gambling, # sales when selling popcorn door to door is an example of what schedule of reinforcement
Variable ratio
70
Buy 9 bobas get the 10th free is an example of what schedule of reinforcement
Fixed ratio
71
Speed trap on the highway is an example of what schedule of reinforcement
Variable interval
72
Studying for finals, negotiating a raise every 3rd year is an example of what schedule of reinforcement
Fixed interval
73
What type of reinforcement provides access to a reinforcer enough that they don’t feel the need to exhibit the behavior l.
Delivered on a fixed or variable time schedule
Non contingent reinforcement
74
What type of schedule has 2 or more contingencies of reinforcement
For allowances you must make your bed 5 times and wash dishes 4 times
Concurrent schedule
75
What schedules are associated with an sd
Multiple schedules and chained schedules
76
What schedules are not associated with an sd
Mixed and tandem schedules
77
What schedule presents 2 or more basic schedules of reinforcement for the same behavior in alternating usually random sequences fi20/fr1 fr10/vr3
Multiple schedule
78
2 or more basic schedules must be met in a specific sequence before reinforcement is delivered fr10/fr5 fi10/ fi5 week/fi10 week
Chained sequence
79
Multiple schedule of reinforcement but no sd
Mixed schedule
80
Chained schedule with no sd
1 work sheet- 1 worksheet- reinforcer
Tandem schedule
81
Provides reinforcement whenever the requirements of either schedule is met regardless of which requirement is met first
Alternative schedule
82
Schedule of reinforcement that follows the completion of response requirements for ratio and interval schedules of reinforcement
Conjunctive schedule
83
presence or absence of a stimulus can control the behavior of a person
Stimulus control
84
Prominence of a stimulus in the learners environment Depending on the learners capability, history, or environment
Stimulus salience
85
Academic or social skill that requires the learner to orient themselves appropriate to the sd
Looking at the instructor, listening to instruction
Preattending skills
86
When a learner focuses on a specific portion of a stimulus instead of the stimulus as a whole
Over selective stimulus control
87
Competing stimulus blocks the evocative function of a controlling stimulus
Stimulus blocking
88
When a more salient stimulus blocks the acquisition of stimulus control
Stimulus overshadowing
89
When a child says daddy when they see their father but not when they see another man
Discrimination
90
A person learns how to ride their bike when they are a child and still has that skill as an adult
Maintenance
91
Greeting people in different settings, times, and people
Generalization
92
When a limited number of stimuli occasion a response
Discrimination
93
After removing an intervention the response remains in a repertoire over time
Maintenance
94
A variety of stimuli occasionally a certain response across different individuals environments and times
Generalization
95
What type of behavior:
Following the law because you could go to jail
Rule-governed behabioe
96
What type of behavior:
Avoiding a certain teachers class because they were a tough grader last semester
Contingency-shaped behavior
97
Behavior controlled by statements
Rule governed behavior
98
Behavior controlled by direct experience
Contingency based behavior
99
A request
Mand
100
A label
Tact
101
Repeating what is said
Exhoic
102
Conversation
Intraverbal
103
Following a given instruction
Listener responding
104
speaker reads words that are presented in writing
Textual
105
speaker converts spoken or written words into identical written words
Transcription
106
Copying a text: writing the word cat in response to seeing the written word cat.
Duplic
107
Taking dictation writing the word cat when hearing someone say “cat.”
Codic
108
verbal behavior that modifies the functions of other verbal behaviors. For example, "I think it is raining"
Autoclitic
109
A = B and B = C, A = C
Pug=dog
Pit=dog
Pug and pit are both in the same class dog
Transivity
110
A=B
B=A
Picture=spoken word
Spoken word=picture
Symmetry
111
A=A (matching)
Reflexivity
112
After breaking up with her boyfriend Jane refuses to go to a specific restaurant because it reminds her of their relationship. Each time Jane passes the restaurant she mumbles something and walks away. Avoiding the restaurant is an example of which operant conditioning
Negative reinforcement
113
Joe walks his dog at 7am. One morning he sleeps in and wakes up at 1030 and his dog has defecated on the rug next to his bed. In the future, Joe makes sure he takes her on a walk at 7. This is an example of which operant conditioning
Positive Punishment
114
Bob hates taking baths, which typically occurs after dinner is over. After dinner, Bob runs to his room and locks the door. What motivating operation is the end of dinner
CMO-R
115
Sue notices it is raining, she looks for her closet to find her umbrella. what motivating operation is finding her umbrella
CMO-T
116
Lana's dog barks when a visitor comes to the door. Now when she hears footsteps she calls he dogs name to distract him. what motivating operation is the sound of footsteps
CMO-R
117
Cole uses the Pomodoro method to do his to-do list. When a 25min timer goes off he takes a 5 minute break. After the break he returns to the project. This is a form of
Negative Reinforcement
118
Larry books a conference room when there is a deadline approaching so he can work quietly on his project without disruption. This is an example of
Negative Reinforcement
119
If you redeem your credit card points to pay for your airline ticket, what schedule of reinforcement does this exemplify
Fixed Ratio
120
What schedule of reinforcement is the best to utilize when teaching a new skill
fixed ratio
121
Mom puts a tired toddler to sleep always in her fuzzy sweater. One day she doesn't have her sweater and the toddler wont go to sleep. The fuzzy sweater serves as which type of MO
CMO-S
122
What verbal operant is considered the least complex
duplic
