B 7.1 - diet

Question 1

what is diet?

Answer 1

the food that we eat

Question 2

what is a balanced diet?

Answer 2

diet that contains all the nutrients we need, in the correct amounts in order to carry out all the life processes

Question 3

why do we eat?

Answer 3

-ENERGY –> molecules that can be oxidised in respiration, releasing energy
-GROWTH & REPAIR –> molecules that provide the raw materials for new cells and other molecules
-HEALTH –> substances that allow raw materials and energy to be used efficiently (processes to let the body work efficiency like minerals and vitamins)

Question 4

Why do balanced diets look different for different people?

Answer 4

age
lifestyle (job)
sex (gender)
pregnant?
exercise amount

Question 5

what happens if we don’t get a balanced diet? (too little food)

Answer 5

Undernutrition. It leads to malnutritions. Marasmus (less energy and carbohydrates). Kwashiorkor (less protein)

Question 6

what happens if we don’t get a balanced diet? (too much food)

Answer 6

Overnutrition. It leads to obesity. diet contains more energy than required and the excess is stored as glycogen (or fat) but glycogen has a limited amount, so the excess is stored as fat, which has an unlimited amount. Unhealthy amount of fat.

Question 7

what are 2 food sources for vitamin C?

Answer 7

citrus fruits and vegetables

Question 8

what are 3 food sources for vitamin D?

Answer 8

eggs
oily fish
beef liver

Question 9

what are 5 food sources for calcium (mineral)?

Answer 9

milk
cheese
almonds
tofu
sardines

Question 10

what are 4 food sources for iron (mineral)?

Answer 10

red meat
beans
spinach
peas

Question 11

what are 3 food sources for fibre?

Answer 11

wholemeal bread
fruit
vegetables

Question 12

what are 5 food sources for water?

Answer 12

water
tea
coffee
juice
milk

Question 13

what are 5 food sources for carbohydrates?

Answer 13

sugar
honey
bread
potato
bananas

Question 14

what are 5 food sources for protein?

Answer 14

fish
beans
eggs
nuts
lentils

Question 15

what are 5 food sources for lipids?

Answer 15

oil
butter
red meat
cheese
egg yolk

Question 16

why is vitamin c important to our body?

Answer 16

Growth and repair of tissues in all parts of your body and for the immune system

Question 17

why is vitamin d important to our body?

Answer 17

needed for calcium absorption which is needed for bone formation and strength

Question 18

why is calcium important to our body?

Answer 18

strong and making new bones and teeth

Question 19

why is iron important to our body?

Answer 19

making haemoglobin carried by red blood cells

Question 20

why is fibre important to our body?

Answer 20

aids the movement of food through the gut

Question 21

why is water important to our body?

Answer 21

dissolves solutes:
-transport of dissolved substances (amino acids)
-excretion of toxic waste products (urea in urine)
-digestion (enzymes need it)
-absorption of digested products into blood
-all metabolic reactions (chemical reactions in living organisms)

Question 22

why are carbohydrates important to the body?

Answer 22

easily available energy realeased during respiration, excess stored as glycogen in liver and muscles, and if not used, then converted to fat

Question 23

why are proteins important to the body?

Answer 23

growth, tissue repair, making enzymes, emergency energy

Question 24

why are lipids (fats) important to the body?

Answer 24

insulation, cell membrane structure, organ protection, sex hormone production, long term energy storage, obesity in excess

Question 25

what happens if theres a deficiency in carbohydrates?

Answer 25

lack of energy
fatigue
weakness
more prone to illness

Question 26

what happens if theres a deficiency in proteins?

Answer 26

Kwashiorkor (swollen abdomen, muscle wastage (limbs), stunted growth)

Question 27

what happens if theres a deficiency in lipids (fats)?

Answer 27

weight loss
anorexia
fat soluble vitamin A & D deficiency
cold

Question 28

what happens if theres a deficiency in vitamin C?

Answer 28

scurvy (painful joints, poor wound healing, bleeding gums)

Question 29

what happens if theres a deficiency in vitamin D?

Answer 29

rickets (bone deformation, bone pain, brittle bones) and dental problems

Question 30

what happens if theres a deficiency in calcium?

Answer 30

rickets (bones don’t form properly) and dental problems

Question 31

what happens if theres a deficiency in iron?

Answer 31

Anaemia (tiredness and shortness of breath cause no respiration)

Question 32

what happens if theres a deficiency in fibre?

Answer 32

causes constipation (if too little fibre is eaten)

Question 33

what happens if theres a deficiency in water?

Answer 33

dehydration, and often death with a few days