B16.1 & B16.2 - Inheritance --> Chromosomes and genes & Cell division

Question 1

what are chromosomes made of?

Answer 1

dna

Question 2

what do chromosomes contain?

Answer 2

genetic information in the form of genes

Question 3

what are genes?

Answer 3

short length of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 4

what is an allele

Answer 4

an alternative form of a gene

Question 5

Whats a haploid nucleus?

Answer 5

nucleus containing a single set of chromosomes (23 chromosomes, not pairs)

Question 6

what is a diploid nucleus?

Answer 6

nucleus containing 2 sets of chromosomes (46 chromosomes, 23 pairs)

Question 7

what is mitosis?

Answer 7

nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells

Question 8

what are the roles of mitosis?

Answer 8

-growth
-repair of damaged tissues
-replacement of cels
-asexual reproduction

Question 9

What occurs before mitosis?

Answer 9

exact replication of chromosomes

Question 10

what happens during mitosis?

Answer 10

copies of chromosomes separate, maintaining the chromosome number in each daughter cell

Question 11

what is meiosis involved in the production?

Answer 11

gametes

Question 12

what is meiosis?

Answer 12

reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid resulting in genetically different cells

Question 13

give 3 examples of haploid cells

Answer 13

-sex cells
-red blood cells
-gametes

Question 14

what cells are diploid cells?

Answer 14

body cells

Question 15

what is a chromosome?

Answer 15

long length of DNA

Question 15

where are genes found?

Answer 15

on chromosomes

Question 16

what are 2 examples of alleles?

Answer 16

-eye colour
-hair colour

Question 17

what are the 2 new cells formed during mitosis called?

Answer 17

daughter cells

Question 18

what are parent cells and daughter cells to each other?

Answer 18

genetically identical

Question 19

how many cells are producing as a result of mitosis?

Answer 19

2

Question 20

type of cell division used for growth and repair is

Answer 20

mitosis

Question 21

where is dna found?

Answer 21

in the nucleus

Question 22

what are genes made of?

Answer 22

dna

Question 23

why is dna essential for life?

Answer 23

it determines all of our features and cell activity

Question 24

why is the replication of dna important?

Answer 24

allows genes to be passed on (be inherited)

Question 25

what determines the sex of the child?

Answer 25

type of sperm (x or y) joined with the egg

Question 26

what is a zygote

Answer 26

diploid cells resulting from the fusion of an egg and sperm