B6 - Plant nutrition Flashcards by Haeun Chun

Photosynthesis

Process by which plants synthesise carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light

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chlorophyll

green pigment that is found in chloroplasts

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word equation for photosynthesis

carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen

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balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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what does chlorophyll do?

transfers energy from light into energy in chemicals for the synthesis of carbohydrates

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What 5 carbohydrates are made in photosynthesis? what are their uses?

starch - energy store
cellulose - build cell walls
glucose - respiration to provide energy
sucrose - transport in the phloem
nectar - attract insects for pollination

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why is nitrate ions important?

it makes amino acids & proteins

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why is magnesium ions important

it makes chlorophyll (for photosynthesis)

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what are the 3 factors needed for photosynthesis?

chlorophyll, light, carbon dioxide

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what 3 factors effect the rate of photosynthesis?

-light intensity
-carbon dioxide concentration
-temperature

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what 2 features are adaptations for photosynthesis? how do they help?

large surface area - absorb lots of sunlight
thin - gases don’t have to travel far (diffusion distance small)

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function of waxy cuticle?

-waterproofs the leaf –> prevents water loss

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function of upper epidermis?

-protective layer & barrier to disease organisms
-allows sunlight to penetrate

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function of Palisade Mesophyll Layer?

-absorption of light for photosynthesis

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function of spongey mesophyll layer (air spaces)?

-allows gas exchange during photosynthesis (carbon dioxide to cells, oxygen from cells)

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function of vascular bundle

-delivers water
-carries organic products of photosynthesis (glucose) away
-contains xylem vessels (bring water and minerals to the leaf / support the leaf and stem)
-contains phloem vessels (transports sucrose sugar & amino acids away from the leaf)

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function of lower epidermis

-protective layer
-contains stomata / guard cells

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function of stomata (guard cells)

-regulate whether the stomata is open or closed
-allows carbon dioxide in
-regulates the loss of water vapour during transpiration

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how are chloroplasts adapted for photosynthesis?

contains many chloroplasts

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how are cuticles adapted for photosynthesis?

-thicker on upper surface –> more exposed to sunlight
-reduces water loss

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how are guard cells and stomatas adapted for photosynthesis?

-less exposed to sunlight –> water doesn’t evaporate much

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how are the upper and lower epidermis’ adapted for photosynthesis?

-one cell thick –> less diffusion distance
-transparent –> allows free passage of light
-prevents entry of disease causing organisms (bacteria & fungi)

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how is the palisade mesophyll layer adapted for photosynthesis?

Study These Flashcards

-thin
-narrow air spaces
-contains many chloroplasts
-dense packaging
-near leaf surface
——> maximum absorbtion of light energy

-next to airspaces –> chloroplasts can receive carbon dioxide / release oxygen (gas exchange)
-next to vascular bundle –> receive water / send sucrose

how is the spongey mesophyll layer adapted for photosynthesis?

Study These Flashcards

-loosely packed
-covered in a thin layer of water
-air spaces present –> allows gas exchange (water diffuses out)

how are air spaces adapted for photosynthesis?

-aid diffusion of gases -saturated with water vapour --> water diffuses out of leaf -allows gas exchange

how are vascular bundles adapted for photosynthesis?

-contains xylem and phloem vessels

producers

make their own food

why doesnt photosythensis happen in the roots?

no light --> no photosynthesis

how does the carbon dioxide get into the leaf?

diffuses into the bottom, into little holes/pores called stomata

is photosynthesis endothermic or exothermic?

endothermic - needs energy to keep it going

what does the plant use glucose for?

respiration and growth

how and where is extra glucose stored?

stored as starch in the leaf

increase biomass using glucose?

growth increases biomass

how does water enter the plant?

roots (root hairs), by osmosis,

where does water come from?

soil

how does water travel to the vessels?

xylem vessel

how are roots adapted to increase water uptake?

root hair cells increase surface area

what does chlorophyll do?

transfers light energy into chemical energy

why do plants make nectar?

to attract insects

why is it important that glucose is stores as staarch in some plants

no sunlight --> can't photosynthesize --> glucose for respiration at night

deficient in magnesium?

poor growth and yellowish leaves

deficient in nitrates

very ittle growth

how are minerals gotten?

-absorbed from the soil --> using active transport

how are plants adapted to get minerals?

-large surface area --> easier -root hair cells have many mitochondria --> release energy

what does it mean to destarch a plant?

leave plant in dark for at least 24 hours to get rid of all stored starch

test for need of chlorophyll during photosynthesis

use a variegated leaf and test for starch

test for need of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis

leaf is destarched then air tight bag is put on the leaf and soda lime is added in the bag

test for need of light during photosynthesis

leaf is destarched then a material that light can't go through is placed on some parts of the leaf (uncovered parts = control) . the leaf is put in light for at least 24 hours.

test a leaf for starch

1) boil in water for 2 mins - stop enzyme action, easier penetration by ethanol, break cell wall 2) leaf is warmed in ethanol until colourless - extract chlorophyll so results are easier to see 3) leaf dipped in warm water briefly - soften the brittle leaf, allow penetration by iodine solution 4) leaf placed on white tile and iodine solution is added - iodine shows presence of starch, white tile has greater contrast in colour=easier to see

why do plants use up their stored starch when placed in the dark?

-no light so plant can't photosynthesize -needs glucose for respiration so it uses the stored starch (glucose) for energy

improvement: bubble volume varies

use gas syringe / upturned measuring cylinder

improvement: number of bubbles could be miscounted

film it / have multiple people counting

improvement: lamp could have increased the water temperature

heat sync (tank of water between lamp and plant case to absorb heat)

conclusion structure

as independant variable increases/decreases, dependent variable increases/decreases. This means that as a factor of photosynthesis increases/decreases, the rate of photosynthesis increases/decreases. This is because factor is needed for photosynthesis.

is carbon dioxide acidic or alkaline

acidic

compensation point

when rate of photosynthesis is exactly equal to the rate of respiration - no net uptake or loss of carbon dioxide or oxygen - glucose consumed by respiration is exactly equal to glucose produced during photosynthesis

B6 - Plant nutrition Flashcards

(56 cards)