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Biology > B2 - Cells > Flashcards

B2 - Cells Flashcards

1
Q

how are new cells produced?

A

division of existing cells (cell division)

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2
Q

what is the function of ciliated cells?

A

movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi

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3
Q

what is the function of root hair cells

A

absorption

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4
Q

what is the function of palisade mesophyll cells

A

photosynthesis

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5
Q

what is the function of neurones

A

conduction of electrical impulses

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6
Q

what is the function of red blood cells

A

transport of oxygen

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7
Q

what is the function of sperm and egg cells (gametes)

A

reproduction

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8
Q

formula for magnification

A

magnification = image size / actual size (I AM)

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9
Q

what are organisms that are made up of many millions of cells called?

A

multicellular organisms

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10
Q

what are organisms that are made up of just a single cell called?

A

unicellular organisms

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11
Q

ribosomes

A

proteins are made

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12
Q

cell membrane

A

-holds cell together
-seperates cell from its surroundings
-partially permeable selective barrier
-controls what goes in and out of hte cell

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13
Q

nucleus

A

-controls activities of the cell
-contains genetic information in chromosomes
-contains instructions to make new cells/organisms

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14
Q

mitochondria

A

-respiration happens here
-has enzymes for respiration

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15
Q

cytoplasm

A

-jelly like substance
-contains water
-dissolves substances (sugar and salts)
-has organelles (cell parts) where chemical reactions happen

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16
Q

cell wall

A

-surrounds cell
-made of cellulose (tough fibre)
-makes the wall rigid
-supports cell

16
Q

vacuole

A

-contains cell sap (watery solution of sugar and salts)
-helps keep cell rigid
-rigid cell supports plant and keeps it upright

17
Q

chloroplast

A

-contains green chlorophyll (green parts of plant)
-photosynthesis happens here

18
Q

what are 4 features of animal cells

A

-irregular circular shape
-not green
-no chloroplast
-no cell wall

19
Q

what are 4 features of plant cells

A

-regular and fixed square shape
-green
-has chloroplast
-has rigid cell wall

20
Q

what are prokaryotic cells?

A

cells that dont have membrane bound organelles

21
Q

what are eukaryote cells?

A

cells that have membrane bound organelles

22
Q

what are 3 membrane bound organelles

A

-nucleus
-mitochondria
-chloroplast

23
Q

cell organisation smallest to biggest

A

cells –> tissues –> organ–> organ system –> organism

24
Q

3 features of red blood cells

A

-no nucleus (more room for haemoglobin)
-bi-concave shape for a larger SA so absorption of oxygen can occur
-contains haemoglobin

25
Q

2 features of ciliated cells

A

-extensions of the cytoplasm at surface of cell
-cilia (hair like structures) to move mucus and trapped particles up to the throat

26
Q

2 features of palisade mesophyll

A

-lots of chloroplasts for max photosynthesis
-column shaped for maximum sunlight absorption (fit many layers on upper layer of leaf)

27
Q

3 features of root hair cells

A

-thin walls to let water move through quicker
-root hair to increase SA for max absorption of water and mineral ions
-vacuole membrane

28
Q

3 features of neurones

A

-extension of cytoplasm away from cell (axon) is covered in fatty sheath to insulate (blocks leakage) the nerve cell and speed up nerve impulses
-extensions and branches to communicate with other nerve cells, muscles, and glands
-long so that it can run to and from different parts of the body to central nervous system

29
Q

4 features of sperm cell

A

-acrosome (tip of head) containing digestive enzymes so sperm can break through the egg
-acrosome also contains genetic material for fertilisation in haploid nucleus
-lots of mitochondria to release energy to swim and fertilise egg
-flagellum to allow sperm to swim

30
Q

4 features of egg cell

A

-lots of cytoplasm that contains nutrients for growth of early embryo
-jelly coat that changes at fertilisation to allow the entry of the male nucleus but only allows 1 sperm to enter
-cell membrane that changes at fertilisation by a single sperm so that no more sperms can enter
-haploid nucleus containing generic information for fertilisation

31
Q

1m = ???mm

A

1000

32
Q

1mm=?? micro meters

A

1000

33
Q

structure of plant cell [8]

A

-cell wall
-cell membrane
-nucleus
-cytoplasm
-chloroplasts
-ribosomes
-mitochondria
-vacuoles

34
Q

structure of animal cell [5]

A

-cell membrane
-nucleus
-cytoplasm
-ribosomes
-mitochondria

35
Q

structure of bacteria cell [6]

A

-cell wall
-cel membrane
-cytoplasm
-ribosomes
-circular DNA
-plasmids

Biology (14 decks)

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