B: Physics = Changes in Motion 2.3 Impulse

Question 1

Who is the scientist associated with the laws of motion that impact roadway design?

Answer 1

Sir Isaac Newton

Question 2

What is the purpose of roadside barriers in highway construction?

Answer 2

To prevent vehicles from swerving off the highway

Question 3

What type of barrier is considered the sturdiest for preventing vehicles from swerving?

Answer 3

Concrete barrier

Question 4

What two factors can affect the change in momentum?

Answer 4

Force and time interval

Question 5

Fill in the blank: The change in momentum equals the product of _______ and the time interval.

Answer 5

force

Question 6

True or False: A larger force must act over a larger time interval to stop an object effectively.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

What does Newton’s second law relate to in terms of barriers and momentum?

Answer 7

The relationship between force, time interval, and change in momentum

Question 8

What is impulse?

Answer 8

The product of the net force applied to an object and the time interval during which the force acts

Impulse is crucial in understanding how forces affect motion over time.

Question 9

What is the formula for impulse?

Answer 9

impulse = F–> * Δt

Here, F represents the net force, and Δt is the time interval.

Question 10

What are the units of impulse?

Answer 10

Ns (Newton-seconds)

Ns is equivalent to kg·m/s, the same unit as momentum.

Question 11

True or False: The unit of impulse is the same as the unit of momentum.

Answer 11

True

Both impulse and momentum are expressed in Newton-seconds (Ns) or kg·m/s.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The product of force and time interval is known as _______.

Answer 12

impulse

Impulse is a key concept in physics related to the change in momentum.

Question 13

What is impulse represented by?

Answer 13

The word impulse or the variables FAr

Impulse does not have its own symbol.

Question 14

Why is impulse considered a different kind of quantity?

Answer 14

It does not have its own symbol

Impulse is represented by the word impulse or the variables F–>*∆t.

Question 15

What can various combinations of force and time interval provide?

Answer 15

A specific amount of impulse

Question 16

How can impulse enhance transportation safety?

Answer 16

By using combinations of force and time interval to minimize damage

Question 17

True or False: Impulse can be used to improve the protective abilities of sports equipment.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Fill in the blank: Impulse is supplied by using different combinations of the _______ and time interval.

Answer 18

[force]

Question 19

A raw egg drops to the floor. If the floor exerts a force of 9.0 N over a time interval of 0.030 s, determine the impulse required to change the egg’s momentum.

What is the force exerted by the floor on the egg?

Answer 19

9.0 N up

The force is considered positive because it opposes the downward motion of the egg.

Question 20

A raw egg drops to the floor. If the floor exerts a force of 9.0 N over a time interval of 0.030 s, determine the impulse required to change the egg’s momentum.

What is the time interval during which the force is exerted?

Answer 20

0.030 s

This time interval is critical for calculating the impulse.

Question 21

A raw egg drops to the floor. If the floor exerts a force of 9.0 N over a time interval of 0.030 s, determine the impulse required to change the egg’s momentum.

What is the formula to calculate impulse?

Answer 21

Impulse = Force × Time

Impulse is the product of the force applied and the time over which it is applied.

Question 22

A raw egg drops to the floor. If the floor exerts a force of 9.0 N over a time interval of 0.030 s, determine the impulse required to change the egg’s momentum.

Calculate the impulse required to change the egg’s momentum.

Answer 22

0.27 N•s

The calculation is based on the force of 9.0 N and the time interval of 0.030 s.

Question 23

A raw egg drops to the floor. If the floor exerts a force of 9.0 N over a time interval of 0.030 s, determine the impulse required to change the egg’s momentum.

True or False: The impulse required to change the egg’s momentum is directed downwards.

Answer 23

False

The impulse is directed upwards, as it opposes the downward motion of the egg.

Question 24

A raw egg drops to the floor. If the floor exerts a force of 9.0 N over a time interval of 0.030 s, determine the impulse required to change the egg’s momentum.

Fill in the blank: The impulse required to change the egg’s momentum is _______.

Answer 24

0.27 N•s up

The direction of the impulse is important in understanding its effect on momentum.

Question 25

What is the concept of impulse used to explain in crash barriers?

Answer 25

The design of crash barriers ## Footnote Impulse is necessary to change the momentum of a vehicle from its pre-collision value to zero.

Question 26

What must a crash barrier provide to change the momentum of a vehicle?

Answer 26

An impulse ## Footnote This impulse is needed to stop the vehicle when it is traveling at highway speed.

Question 27

What is the effect of a longer time interval in the context of crash barriers?

Answer 27

It allows for a smaller force to be exerted ## Footnote A smaller force results in less injury and damage to the vehicle occupants.

Question 28

How do water-filled barrels affect the stopping of a vehicle?

Answer 28

They stop a vehicle in a longer time interval ## Footnote This results in a smaller force being exerted on the vehicle.

Question 29

What is the effect of concrete barriers on the stopping of a vehicle?

Answer 29

They stop a vehicle in a shorter time interval ## Footnote This results in a larger force being exerted, leading to more injury and damage.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: A larger force acts over a _______ time interval to stop the car.

Answer 30

shorter ## Footnote A larger force over a shorter time interval results in a more abrupt stop.

Question 31

Fill in the blank: A smaller force acts over a _______ time interval to stop the car.

Answer 31

longer ## Footnote A smaller force over a longer time interval leads to a gentler stop.

Question 32

True or False: Crash barriers are designed only to keep vehicles on the road.

Answer 32

False ## Footnote They are also designed to reduce injuries to occupants and damage to vehicles.

Question 33

What happens to the forces exerted on a vehicle when a crash barrier provides impulse over a long time?

Answer 33

Destructive forces are kept as small as possible ## Footnote This is beneficial for reducing injuries and vehicle damage.

Question 34

What does Newton's second law of motion express in the form F--> = Δp-->/Δt?

Answer 34

The force applied on an object and the time interval over which the force acts are factors that determine the change in momentum of an object.

Question 35

What is the rearranged formula of Newton's second law that yields impulse?

Answer 35

F-->Δt = Δp-->

Question 36

Define impulse in the context of momentum.

Answer 36

Impulse is the product of the net force applied to an object and the time interval during which the force acts.

Question 37

What are the two ways to determine impulse?

Answer 37

* Impulse = F-->Δt * Impulse = Δp--> p--> is momentum

Question 38

True or False: Impulse is equal to the change in momentum.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

How can the impulse-change in momentum concept be applied?

Answer 39

It can explain many technological safety advancements in sports equipment, automobiles, and everyday life.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The product of the force applied and the time over which the force acts yields a physical quantity called _______.

Answer 40

[impulse]

Question 41

Explain the difference between momentum and impulse.

Answer 41

Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity, while impulse is the change in momentum resulting from a force applied over time.

Question 42

Describe the relationship between change in momentum and impulse.

Answer 42

Impulse is equal to the change in momentum of an object.