B1 4 Adapt and Survive Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in B1 4 Adapt and Survive Deck (25)
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0
Q

What are adaptations?

A

Features which enable organisms to survive in the conditions they normally live in.

1
Q

Why do organisms need materials from their environment?

A

To survive and reproduce.

2
Q

What are extremophiles?

A

Extremophiles have adaptations which enable them to live in extreme conditions of salt, temperature or pressure.

3
Q

What do plants need from their environment?

A

Plants need light, carbon dioxide, water, oxygen and nutrients to produce glucose energy in order to survive.

4
Q

What do animals need from their environment?

A

Animals need food, water and oxygen.

5
Q

What do micro organisms need from their environment?

A

Micro organisms need a range of things. Some are like plants and others like animals.

6
Q

Plant adaptation examples:

A
  • Epiphytes- adapt to live in high grounds. They collect water and nutrients from the air.
  • Rafflesia Arnodii- produces flowers that weigh 11 kg and smell of rotting corpse. The smell increases the chance that flies will carry pollen to another plant.
7
Q

Animal adaptation examples:

A
  • Carnivores- teeth adapted to tear flesh

* Herbivores- teeth adapted to tear into plant cells

8
Q

Micro organisms adaptation example:

A
  • Thermophiles- survive at temperatures exceeding 45 degrees C
  • They have specially adapted enzymes that do not denature at these temperatures
9
Q

Animal adaptations in cold climates:

A
  • Large with a small SA:V ratio
  • Thick insulating layers of fat and fur
  • Small ears to avoid heat loss
10
Q

Animals in dry climates:

A
  • A large SA:V ratio to maximise heat loss
  • Thin fur
  • Behaviour patterns to avoid heat
11
Q

Camouflage

A

Camouflage helps animals to survive as they can blend into their surroundings but it can also help predators as they are able to converge into the environment too.

12
Q

Plant adaptations:

A
  • Reducing the SA of the leaves- lose less water by transpiration
  • Having water-storage tissues
  • Extensive root systems
13
Q

Cactii adaptations:

A
  • Leaves turn to spines- to avoid heat loss by reducing the SA
  • The sharp spines also prevent animals from eating the cactus
  • Stem that swells- to hold more water
14
Q

What do animals compete for?

A
  • Food
  • Territory
  • Mates
15
Q

Competition for food:

A

PREDATORS

HERBIVORES:
•Some herbivores are adapted to eat a wide range of plants

CARNIVORES:
• Some carnivores have long legs to run faster
• Sharp eyes

PREY:
• Some animals contain poisons which makes anything that eats them sick or dead, E.g. Poison arrow frogs

• Mimicry. The coral snake is mimicked by the milk snake

16
Q

Competition for territory:

A

• Most animals cannot reproduce if they don’t have good territory. It will be difficult to find a mate

17
Q

Competition for a mate:

A
  • The males try to impress the females
  • Some species (e.g. Lions), the males fight between themselves and the winner gets the female
  • Male peacocks have bright plumage to attract the females
18
Q

Competition in plants:

A

Plants often compete with each other for:

  • light for photosynthesis to make food
  • water for photosynthesis and to keep cells rigid and supported
  • nutrients (minerals) so that chemicals can be made in cells
  • space to grow
19
Q

Why do plants compete?

A

Similarly to animals, plants compete to survive.

20
Q

Competition in Plants- Adaptations:

A
  • Small plants grow and flower early in the year before the big trees
  • Different types of roots. Some plants have shallow roots which takes water and nutrients from the surface of the soil whereas other plants have deep and long roots
  • Greater leaf SA to maximise the absorption of light
  • Some plants like the African acacia make poisons which makes them taste bitter
21
Q

Spreading the seeds:

A
  • To reproduce successfully, a plant has to avoid competition with its seedlings
  • E.g. Winged seeds of the sycamore tree
  • Some plants use mini explosions to disperse the seeds
  • Some fruits are sticky or have hooks which get attached to a passing animal
22
Q

What are environmental changes caused by?

A

Living or non-living factors.

23
Q

How can environmental factors be measured?

A

They can be measured by using non-living indicators.

24
Q

What can be used as pollution indicators?

A

Living organisms.