B1

Question 1

Resolving power

Answer 1

the ability of an optical instrument or type of film to separate or distinguish small or closely adjacent images.

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

The nucleus is the brain of the cell and is the part that makes all the decisions

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.

Question 4

Cell membrane

Answer 4

The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

The mitochondria is a double membrane-bound organelle found in all eukaryotic organisms

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

The ribosome is a complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis.

Question 7

Algae

Answer 7

Algae is an informal term for a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are not necessarily closely related, and is thus polyphyletic.

Question 8

Cell wall

Answer 8

rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants it consists mainly of cellulose.

Question 9

Cellulose

Answer 9

Cellulose strengths the cell and gives it support

Question 10

Chloroplasts

Answer 10

Chloroplasts are organelles, specialized compartments, in plant and algal cells.

Question 11

Chlorophyll

Answer 11

Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants.

Question 12

Permanent vacuole

Answer 12

Animal cells and plant cells have features in common, such as a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes

Question 13

Eukaryotic

Answer 13

A eukaryote is any organism whose cells have a cell nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes

Question 14

Bacteria

Answer 14

Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms

Question 15

Prokaryotic

Answer 15

prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle

Question 16

Sperm cell

Answer 16

Sperm is the male reproductive cell

Question 17

Xylem

Answer 17

The xylem transports water and soluble mineral nutrients from the roots throughout the plant.

Question 18

Phloem

Answer 18

In vascular plants, phloem is the living tissue that transports the soluble organic compounds made during photosynthesis, in particular the sugar sucrose, to parts of the plant where needed

Question 19

Diffusion

Answer 19

Diffusion is one of the processes that allows this to happen. Diffusion occurs when particles spread. They move from a region where they are in high concentration to a region where they are in low concentration

Question 20

Partly permeable membrane

Answer 20

smaller molecules like water and glucose pass through its microscopic holes.
larger molecules like starch and sucrose cannot pass through it.

Question 21

Isotonic

Answer 21

of muscle action taking place with normal contraction

Question 22

Hypertonic

Answer 22

Water moves readily across cell membranes through special protein-lined channels, and if the total concentration of all dissolved solutes is not equal on both sides, there will be net movement of water molecules into or out of the cell.

Question 23

Osmosis

Answer 23

Osmosis. Water can move across cell membranes because of osmosis. For osmosis to happen you need: two solutions with different concentrations; a partially permeable membrane to separate them

Question 24

Turgor

Answer 24

the state of turgidity and resulting rigidity of cells or tissues, typically due to the absorption of fluid.

Question 25

Plasmolysis

Answer 25

contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell.

Question 26

Active transport

Answer 26

The movement of particles (molecules or ions) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 27

Ventilate

Answer 27

cause air to enter and circulate freely in a room, building

Question 28

Alveoli

Answer 28

Alveoli are tiny sacs within our lungs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs and bloodstream

Question 29

Stomata

Answer 29

is a tiny opening or pore that is used for gas exchange.