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Biology Obied > B1 > Flashcards

B1 Flashcards

1
Q

What do nucleus’s contain?

A

It contains the cell’s DNA

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2
Q

What does the cytoplasm do?

A

It is where all the chemical reactions of the cell take place

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3
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A
  • It controls what enters and exits the cell
  • Holds the cell together
  • Contain receptor molecules
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4
Q

What does a mitochondria do?

A

Its where respiration takes place

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5
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

They make protein

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6
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells do not have?

A

Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts and vacoule whereas animal cells do not

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7
Q

What is the difference between a light microscope and a electron microscope?

A

An electron microscope uses a beam of electrons to illuminate specimens and then magnify them whereas a light microscope uses light.

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8
Q

Which has a higher resolution a light microscope or an electron microscope?

A

An electron microscope has a higher resolution?

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9
Q

What is a gene?

A

A sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.

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10
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A strand of DNA containing genes

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11
Q

What is DNA?

A

A chemical which contains all the information needed to make an
organism

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12
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

It is a unit of DNA made of phosphate group, deoxyribose, and base

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13
Q

What is the bases that match with these? TACGGTA

A

A T G C C A T

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14
Q

Name three structural features of a DNA molecule?

A

two strands; wound in a double-helix; joined together by DNA bases made
of a sequence of nucleotides

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15
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A substance produced by a living organism that acts as biological catalyst that brings about biological chemical reactions

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16
Q

Name three functions of an enzyme?

A

-To build large molecules from smaller ones
- To break down large molecules
into smaller ones
-To convert one molecule into another

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17
Q

What is the average optimum temperature for an enzymes to work at its best rate?

A

37.5’C

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18
Q

Why can enzymes not work efficiently at high temperatures?

A

High enough temperatures will cause the enzyme to denature and have its structure start to break up

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19
Q

What are carbohydrates used for?

A

Provides the body with energy

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20
Q

What are lipids used for?

A

They are used as a store of energy, and for insulation

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21
Q

What are proteins used for?

A

They are used for growth and repair of body tissues

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22
Q

What are vitamins and minerals used for?

A

They are required by the body to maintain good health

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23
Q

What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer?

A

A monomer is a single unit while polymer is a chain of units.

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24
Q

What enzyme digests carbohydrates?

A

Amylase

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25
Q

What enzyme digests proteins?

A

Protease

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26
Q

What enzyme digests lipids?

A

Lypase

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27
Q

Where does aerobic respiration take place in a cell?

A

The mitochondria

28
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Oxygen + Glucose => Carbon Dioxide + Water

29
Q

What is the BALANCED chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

A

6O2 + C6 H12 O6 => 6CO2 + 6H2O

30
Q

What is the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?

A

Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen, lactic acid is produced, water and carbon
dioxide are not produced.

31
Q

What is the name of the substance produced by respiration?

A

ATP

32
Q

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide & water

33
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose & Oxygen

34
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place?

A

The chloroplasts

35
Q

What is the pigment found in the chloroplasts?

A

Chlorophyll

36
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon Dioxide + Water => Oxygen + Glucose

37
Q

What is the BALANCED chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O => 6O2 + C6 H12 O6

38
Q

How do the reactants of photosynthesis enter a plant?

A

Water diffuses into the roots (by osmosis); oxygen diffuses into the leaves through the stomata.

39
Q

What does the ‘rate of photosynthesis’ mean?

A

The rate at which carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose by a plant

40
Q

Suggest a method that could be used to measure the rate of photosynthesis.

A

Measuring the rate of evolution of oxygen by a plant, as oxygen is a product of photosynthesis

41
Q

What is the DNA in the form of inside the nucleus?

A

Chromosones

42
Q

What is the function of the chromosomal DNA in a prokaryotic cell?

A

It controls the cells activities and replication

43
Q

What are the functions of the plasmids in a prokaryotic cells? (2)

A
  • Drug resistance

- Passing genes between bacteria

44
Q

What does a nucleotide contain? (In order)

A

A Phosphate, a sugar and a Base

45
Q

What is the A base called?

A

Adenine

46
Q

What is the C base called?

A

Cytosine

47
Q

What is the G base called?

A

Guanine

48
Q

What is the T base called?

A

Thymine

49
Q

What is DNA made up of?

A

It is made of nucleotide monomers

50
Q

What does a DNA control in a cell?

A

The production of proteins

51
Q

What is protein made up of?

A

A chain of monomers called amino acids

52
Q

What determines the order of amino acids?

A

The order of bases in a gene

53
Q

How are each bases coded for and whats it called?

A

They are coded for by a sequence of three bases called a triplet code

54
Q

What do chemical reactions in the cell make up?

A

The cell’s metabolism

55
Q

Where do substrates attach in an enzyme?

A

The active site

56
Q

What is the lock and key hypothesis?

A
  • Enzyme can only work if substrate fits into the active site
  • If the substrate doesn’t fit then the reaction won’t be catalysed
57
Q

How does the pH affect effect enzymes?

A
  • If the pH is too high or too low it interferes with the bonds holding the enzymes together.
  • It can also affect the shape of the active site
58
Q

What do carbohydrate molecules contain?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

59
Q

What polymer do the monomers maltose and simple sugars join to make?

A

Starch

60
Q

Where are carbohydrates broken down in the body?

A

The mouth and small intestine

61
Q

What monomer makes up protein?

A

amino acids

62
Q

What monomers are lipids made up of and how many of each?

A

One glycerol and three fatty acids

63
Q

What atoms are amino acids made up of?

A

Carbon, nitrogen,hydrogen and oxygen

64
Q

Where are proteins broken down?

A

The stomach and small intestine

65
Q

What atoms do lipids contain?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

66
Q

Where are lipids broken down?

A

The small intestines

67
Q

What is biomass?

A

The mass of living material?

Biology Obied (6 decks)

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