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Biology Obied > B3 > Flashcards

B3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neurone?

A

a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses/a nerve cell.

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2
Q

What is the function of a neurone?

A

To transmit electrical impulses around the body

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3
Q

What part of a nerve cell contains genetic material?

A

The nucleus of the neurone

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4
Q

What is the function of a motor neurone?

A

Carries electrical impulses from receptor cells to the CNS (central nervous system)

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5
Q

What is the function of a sensory neurone?

A

Carries electrical impulses from sensory neurones to motor neurones

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6
Q

What is the function of a relay neurone?

A

Carries electrical impulses from the central nervous system to effectors

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7
Q

What is the flow diagram for the nervous system?

A

Stimulus => Receptor => Sensory neurone => Spinal cord => Brain => Spinal cord => Motor neurone => Effector => Response

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8
Q

Give examples of a voluntary action?

A

Singing, waving etc

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9
Q

Give examples of a voluntary action?

A

Pupil dilation in poor light, sneezing

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10
Q

Why are reflex actions faster than voluntary actions?

A

The electrical impulse only travels to the spinal cord rather than to the brain as it is an unconscious action. This means that the distance traveled by the electrical impulse is shorter so in turn it is quicker

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11
Q

REMEMBER TO LOOK AT A DIAGRAM OF THE EYE AND LEARN. IF YOU HAVEN’T DONE IT YET THEN GO!!!!!!!!!

A

REMEMBER TO LOOK AT A DIAGRAM OF THE EYE AND LEARN. IF YOU HAVEN’T DONE IT YET THEN GO!!!!!!!!!

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12
Q

The ______ and lens are responsible for focusing light clearly onto the ________ . To focus onto a nearby object the _________ relaxes, casing the lens to become _________. The reverse happens when you focus on a ___________ object: the ciliary muscle _________, causing the lens to become __________.

A

cornea, retina, ciliary muscle, fatter, distant, contracts, thinner

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13
Q

How is long sightedness caused

A

eyeball being too short, lens being too weak

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14
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum?

A

controls complex behaviour such as learning, memory, personality, and conscious thought

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15
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

controls posture, balance, and involuntary movements.

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16
Q

What is the function of the medulla?

A

controls automatic actions such as heart rate and breathing rate

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17
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

regulates temperature and water balance

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18
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

A

stores and releases hormones that regulate many body functions.

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19
Q

Give examples of contraceptives

A

condoms, pill……

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20
Q

Why is a condom preferred to pills?

A

It prevents sperm coming into contact with the egg

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21
Q

What is the advantage of using a condom rather than pills?

A

It provides protection against sexually transmitted infections as well as pregnancy.

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22
Q

What is the difference between nerves and hormones?

A

Nerves: faster, electrical impulse, shorter acting, very precise

Hormones: slower, carried through the blood, longer acting, targets a larger area

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23
Q

What is the function of testosterone?

A

It triggers sperm production and male characteristics

24
Q

What is the function of thyxroxine?

A

It regulates body metabolism

25
Q

What is the function of adrenaline?

A

It prepares the body for immediate action

26
Q

What is the function of insulin?

A

It controls body glucose levels.

27
Q

What is an appropriate chemical that can be used to encourage root growth?

A

Auxin

28
Q

What is the name given to the plant’s roots response to gravity?

A

Gravitropism

29
Q

What happens during a period?

A

The lining of the uterus is shed

30
Q

What day does ovulation occur?

A

Day 14

31
Q

What is the function of oestrogen?

A

It is made and secreted by the ovaries and it makes th lining of the uterus build up

32
Q

What is the function of FSH? Must include full name in answer.

A

The FOLLICLE-STIMULATUION HORMONE is secreted by the pituitary gland. It travels to the ovaries where it causes an egg to mature.

33
Q

What is the function of LH? Must include full name in answer.

A

The luteinising hormone. When LH levels reach a peak in the middle of the cycle, ovulation is triggered.

34
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

A

It maintains the uterus lining. Levels of this hormone remain high throughout pregnancy.

35
Q

What day are LH and FSH at their highest?

A

Day 14

36
Q

What are the structures that produce hormones called?

A

Glands

37
Q

What is the blood component that transports hormones?

A

plasma

38
Q

Why can hormones only affect target cells rather than all cells?

A

Hormones diffuse out of the blood and bind to specific receptors for that hormone, found on the membranes or in the cytoplasm of target cells. Other cells do not have these specific receptors

39
Q

What do the hairs on your body do when the body is hot/cold?

A

Hot: lie flat

Cold: Stand up

40
Q

What do the sweat glands on your body do when the body is hot/cold?

A

Hot: produce sweat

Cold: don’t produce sweat

41
Q

What do the blood vessels supplying the skin do when the body is hot/cold?

A

Hot : they widen

Cold: narrow

42
Q

What happens to the blood flow through the capillaries do when the body is hot/cold?

A

Hot: increases

Cold: decreases

43
Q

How does the halt of sweat production raise the body temperature?

A

water does not evaporate, preventing heat being transferred to the environment

44
Q

How does decreased blood flow through skin capillaries affect the body temperature?

A

less heat transfer by radiation

45
Q

How does the body hairs rising affect the body temperature?

A

traps a layer of air around the body, insulating the body

46
Q

How does shivering affect the body temperature?

A

muscle cells respire more quickly, transferring extra energy by heating

47
Q

What is the flow diagram to summarise the changes that take place inside the body after a person has eaten?

A
  • Person eats a meal.
  • Blood glucose levels rise.
  • Pancreas releases insulin.
  • Glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver.
  • Blood glucose levels fall.
  • Blood glucose levels return to normal.
48
Q

What is glucagon’s role in maintaining blood glucose concentration?

A

When blood glucose levels are too low the liver is stimulated to convert glycogen to glucose, returning blood glucose back to normal levels.

49
Q

State two differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

A

Type 1 is usually in childhood whereas type 2 is usually in adulthood. Type 1 is to do with insulin levels whereas type 2 is to do with your diet.

50
Q

LOOK AT A DIAGRAM OF A KIDNEY TUBE. GO NOOOOOOWWWWWWWWWWWWW!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

A

LOOK AT A DIAGRAM OF A KIDNEY TUBE. GO NOOOOOOWWWWWWWWWWWWW!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

51
Q

What is the function of the bowman’s capsule?

A

It performs the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine.

52
Q

What is the function of the collecting duct?

A

It concentrates and transports urine from the nephrons to larger ducts

53
Q

What is the function of the glomerulus?

A

It is involved in the filtration of the blood to form urine.

54
Q

What is the function of the loop of Henle?

A

The function of the loop of Henle is the recovery of water and sodium chloride from the urine.

55
Q

How is urine concentration different on a hot day compared with on a cool day?

A

More water is reabsorbed on a hot day meaning that the urine is more concentrated whereas more water is added to the urine on a cold day meaning it is dilute.

Biology Obied (6 decks)

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