B1 Cells And Organisation

Question 1

Total magnification =

Answer 1

Eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification

Question 2

Main parts of animal cell

Answer 2

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell membrane

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Question 3

Main parts of plant cell

Answer 3

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell membrane

Cell wall - provides strength and support

Chloroplasts

Vacuole

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Question 4

How to prepare a microscope slide

Answer 4

Place a thin sample of the specimen on a slide

Add a drop of stain if necessary to enhance contrast

Carefully place a cover slip over the specimen to avoid air bubbles

Gently press down to spread the sample evenly

Question 5

Magnification

Answer 5

Ability to make small objects seem larger

Question 6

Resolution

Answer 6

Ability to distinguish two objects from each other

Question 7

Difference between light and electron microscope

Answer 7

Electron has high magnification up to 1,000,000x and high resolving power

Question 8

Similarities between electron and light microscope

Answer 8

Images can be formed from the radiation that is transmitted through the specimen

Question 9

Use of electron microscope

Answer 9

To investigate cells even further

Question 10

How to work out magnification

Answer 10

Size of image/size of real object

Question 11

Disadvantages of electron microscopes

Answer 11

Live cells cannot be imaged as samples must be placed under vacuum

Only black and white image produced

Question 12

Disadvantages of light microscope

Answer 12

At a certain size image becomes blurry

Limited resolution

Question 13

Advantages of electron microscopes

Answer 13

Extremely good magnification

Higher resolution

Question 14

Advantages of light microscopes

Answer 14

Easy to use

Allows you to view live samples of specimen

Question 15

Cell membrane

Answer 15

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 16

Which part of a cell is the powerhouse of a cell

Answer 16

Mitochondria

Question 17

Vacuole

Answer 17

Stores water

Question 18

Ribosomes

Answer 18

Where proteins are made

Question 19

Cell wall

Answer 19

Provide structure and protection

Question 20

Why some cells do not contain all cell structures

Answer 20

Cells are specialized to perform specific functions

Question 21

Compare plant and animal cells

Answer 21

Plant cells have a cell wall and membrane

Animal cells only have a cell membrane

Question 22

What microscope is used to see algae

Answer 22

Compound microscope

Question 23

How to prepare for microscope slide

Answer 23

Place specimen on slide

Apply drop of water

Gently lower a coverslip over the specimen

Question 24

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 24

A simple cell that does not have a nucleus

Question 25

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 25

Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Question 26

Unicellular cell

Answer 26

Organisms made up of only one cell

Question 27

Sub-cellular

Answer 27

Structures are smaller parts that make up a cell

Question 28

Example of prokayotic cells

Answer 28

Bacteria

Question 29

Examples of eukaryotic cells

Answer 29

Animal Plant Fungi

Question 30

What are prokrayotic cell walls made up of

Answer 30

Peptidoglycan

Question 31

Do prokayrotic or eukaryotic cells contain a membrane bound nucleus

Answer 31

Eukaryotic

Question 32

Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 32

Prokaryotic cells are smaller, have fewer sub-cellular structures and divide by binary fission Eukaryotic cells are bigger, have more sub-cellular structures and divide by mitosis

Question 33

Similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 33

Cell membrane DNA Ability to divide and reproduce

Question 34

Permanent vacuole

Answer 34

Contains cell sap (weak solution of sugar and salts

Question 35

Chloroplasts

Answer 35

Where photosynthesis occurs

Question 36

Chlorophyll

Answer 36

Absorbs light needed for photosynthesis

Question 37

Plasmids

Answer 37

Small rings of DNA

Question 38

Plasmids function

Answer 38

Can replicate and move between cells so that genetic information can be shared

Question 39

What parts of a cell does bacteria not have

Answer 39

Chloroplasts Mitochondria

Question 40

How to use a light microscope Steps 1-3

Answer 40

Clip the slide you've prepared onto stage Select lowest powered objective lens Use coarse adjustment knob to move stage up

Question 41

How to use a light microscope Steps 4-6

Answer 41

Look down eyepiece. Use coarse adjustment knob until get clear image of what's on slide Adjust the focus with fine adjustment knob until get clear image

Question 42

Why animals have specialised cells

Answer 42

To carry out a particular role in the body

Question 43

Specialised cells

Answer 43

Cells designed to carry out a particular role in the body

Question 44

How structure of specialised cells related to their function within the organism

Answer 44

Their structure is adapted to their function

Question 45

Compare the structure of a specialised and generalised animal cell

Answer 45

Generalised cells have simple strcture and can perform basic functions Specialised cells have complex strtxures and perform specific functions

Question 46

What determines the function of a specialized cells

Answer 46

The active genes in the cell

Question 47

How to suggest the function of an unknown specialised cell based on its structure

Answer 47

Examine cell shape Elongated cells could have a role in movement or contraction Flattened cells may suggest covering or protective role

Question 48

How are animal cells adapted

Answer 48

Specialised cells are adapted to specific functions and so are more efficient in carrying them out

Question 49

How do prokaryotic cells replicate/divide

Answer 49

Binary fission

Question 50

How does binary fission (when cell splits in two) work

Answer 50

The circular DNA and plasmids replicate Cell gets bigger and circular DNA moves to opposite poles Cytoplasm begins to divide and new cell walla begin to form Cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells produced Each daughter cell has 1 copy of circular DNA

Question 51

Structure of specialised cell

Answer 51

A flat disc shape with dips on both sides (biconcave)

Question 52

Features of specialised cell

Answer 52

Cell membrane Cytoplasm Mitochondria Haploid nucleus

Question 53

Function of villi

Answer 53

They increase surface area in a big way so digested food is absorbed more quickly into the blood

Question 54

How many villi are in small intestine

Answer 54

Millions

Question 55

How does carbon dioxide diffuse within the leaf

Answer 55

Diffuses into the air spaces wihtin the leaf

Question 56

How does shape of leaf increase exchange surface

Answer 56

Flattened shape increase area of exchange surface

Question 57

Features of lamellae which increases surface area

Answer 57

Lots of blood capillaries to speed up diffusion Thin surface layer

Question 58

What are Prokaryotic cells are made up of

Answer 58

Peptidoglycan

Question 59

Eukaryotic cell wall made up of

Answer 59

Cellulose

Question 60

How do eukaryotic cells divide

Answer 60

Mitosis and meosis