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Biology > B1 Understanding Ourselves COMPLETE > Flashcards

B1 Understanding Ourselves COMPLETE Flashcards

(78 cards)

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0
Q

What does it mean to be fit

A

It’s a measure of how well you can perform physical tasks

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1
Q

What does being heathy mean

A

Being free of infections or disease

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2
Q

How is the blood pumped around the body?

A

It is under pressure

It flows through arteries

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3
Q

How is blood pressure measured?

A

Mm of mercury

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4
Q

How can your blood pressure be increases

A

Smoking
Overweight
Too much alcohol
Stress

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5
Q

What can high blood pressure do to you?

A

Blood vessels burst

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6
Q

What does carbon monoxide do to the body?

A

Combines with haemoglobin to reduce amount of oxygen

High blood pressure

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7
Q

What does nicotine do to the body?

A

Increased heart rate and blood pressure

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8
Q

What do saturated fats do?

A

Cause a build up of cholesterol in arteries and plaque In the walls
Restricts blood flow and leads to a heart attack

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9
Q

What is carbohydrates function?

A

Energy

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10
Q

Fats fiction

A

Energy store and insulation

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11
Q

Protein fiction

A

Growth and repair

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12
Q

Vitamins and minerals function

A

Vitamin c prevents scurvy

Iron for haemoglobin

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13
Q

Waters function in the body

A

To prevent dehydration

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14
Q

What makes up a carbohydrate

A

Simple sugars such a glucose

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15
Q

What makes up fats

A

Fatty acids and gycerol

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16
Q

What makes up proteins

A

Amino acids

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17
Q

Too little protein causes

A

Kwashiorkor

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18
Q

How to calculate ear

A

0.6 x body mass

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19
Q

Name two eating disorders

A

Anorexia leads to self starving

Bulimia is binge eating then vomiting

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20
Q

What does bmi indicate

A

If you are under or overweight

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21
Q

How to calculate bmi

A

height squared

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22
Q

What causes infections disease

A

Pathogens

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23
Q

What does fungi cause

A

Athletes foot

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24
What does bacteria cause
Cholera
25
What do viruses cause
Flu
26
What is a Protozoa
A single cell organism and dysentery is cause by it
27
How is malaria causes
Protozoa are parasites and live of other organisms host The mosquito is the vector and carries the disease It infects others by feeding on others such as biting humans for blood
28
What part of your body deals with pathogens
Immune system
29
3 lines of attack for white blood cells what a pathogen enters the body
1. Consume them 2. Produce antitoxins 3. Produce antibodies on suface
30
How can you prevent and treat disease
Immunisation
31
What is active immunity
The immune system makes its own antibodies
32
What is passive immunity
When he body has antibodies made my annother organism such as babies being breast fed.
33
What do antibiotics do
Kill bacteria but no viruses
34
What causes cancer
Cells dividing out of control
35
What does benign mean
A safe tumour that grown till there is no more room and it's not dangerrous
36
What is a malignant tumour
They are dangerous and data and stars throughout the body is not treated
37
What is a depressant drug?
Alcohol and solvents | Decrease brains activity and causing slow reactions and poor judgement
38
What's a stimulant
Nicotine ecstasy caffeine Offsite if depressants They increase brain activity
39
What does alcohol do the body
It's a depressant Can be poisonous off too much to drank It causes dehydration Poor judgement, balance, speech and vision
40
What illness can smoking cause
Heart disease Cancers Cookers caugh Low weight babies
41
How is heart disease cause
Carbon monoxide decreases oxygen to the heart
42
How is lung throat and oesophagus cancer caused
Tar collects in lungs and carcinogens collect and mutate DNA to cause malignant tumours
43
How is emphysema caused
Cilia in lungs and throat are damaged causing a cough
44
What does the cornea do
Refract light
45
What does the iris do?
Controls light entering the eye
46
What do rods in the eye do
Sense light
47
What do cones in the eye do?
Detect colour
48
How do we see distant objects
Ciliary muscles relax Suspensor ligaments contact Lens In a oval and less round shape
49
How do we see close objects
Ciliary muscles contact Suspensor ligaments relax Lens more round
50
What does binocular vision allow us to do
Judge depth
51
What does a reflex action mean
To stops you injuring yourself | You are unaware of the process
52
What are the7 steps of the central nervous system
``` Stimulus Receptor Sensory nerve DNS Motor neurone Effector Response ```
53
What do neurones do
Transmit info along the body with electrical impulses
54
What is homeostasis
It maintains a constant internal environment
55
What is negative feedback
A rise in body temp causes a response of lower temp | A change in environment cause a counteract response
56
What is the body optimum temp?
37 degrees Celsius
57
What happens when we get too hot
Hairs lie flat Sweat Blood vessels at the surface widen( vasodilation)
58
What happens when we get too cold
Hairs stand up No sweat Shivers Blood vessels contacts vasoconstriction to keep body heat in
59
What happens if book glucose is too high
Insulin is added
60
What happens if blood glucose leves are too low
No insulin is added
61
What is insulin
It is a hormone and travels in the blood
62
What is type one diabetes
The pancreas produces little or no insulin and is controlled by injecting insulin
63
What is type two diabetes
The person because resistant to insulting and it's controlled through food and diet
64
Name a plant hormone
Auxin and it controls growth at roots and tips
65
Shoots are .....
Positively photrophic and grow to the light
66
Shots are negatively .....
Geotrophic name grow away form gravity and the ground
67
Roots are positivity ......
Geographic and grow towards gravity
68
Roots are negativity .....
Photrophic and grown aways form the light and sun
69
How can plant hormones be used commercially?
As selective weed killers To grow cuttings form rooting powder Ripening fruit Controlling dormancy in seeds that won't germinate
70
What does a nucleus do?
Contains genetic info
71
Chromosomes come in what?
Pairs | We have 23
72
What do chromosomes carry
Genes and characteristics
73
A gene is a short what....
A short chromosome
74
What's an alleles?
A different version of the same gene
75
How is a dominant gene shown
A capital letter
77
What do faulty genes cause
Genetic disorders
78
how can you remember the 7 steps of the central nervous system
``` silly- stimulus reckless-receptor snails-sensory never-nerve desert-DNS multiple-motor neurotic-neurone elephants-effector religiously-recpetor ```

Biology (6 decks)

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