B12 Homeostatis In Action Flashcards
(18 cards)
What must happen in terms of heat gains and losses inside the body for the body to maintain a constant internal temperature?
The heat losses inside the body must equal the heat gains
What part of the brain detects and controls changes in body temperature?
The hypothalamus
What is vasoconstriction and vasodilation?
Vasoconstriction is when the lumen of the blood vessels becomes thinner
Vasodilation is when the lumen of the blood vessels becomes thicker
In terms of blood vessels, what will happen when the bodies internal temperature increases?
They hypothalamus will detect this decrease in body temperature and will make the blood vessels inside the body vasodilate, this means they will become thicker
This means that more blood will flow through the capillaries close to the surface of the skin, meaning more heat inside the blood will be lost due to diffusion
In terms of blood vessels, what will happen when the bodies internal temperature decreases?
They hypothalamus will detect this decrease in body temperature and will make the blood vessels inside the body vasoconstrict, this means the lumen will become thinner
This means that less blood will flow through the capillaries close to the surface of the skin, meaning less heat from the blood will be lost due to diffusion
In terms of bodily functions, what will happen when the bodies internal temperature rises?
1) The rise in body temperature will be detected by the hypothalamus
2) The hypothalamus will trigger the response of sweating
In terms of bodily functions, what will happen when the bodies internal temperature decreases?
1) The fall in body temperature will be detected by the hypothalamus
2) The hypothalamus will trigger the response of goosebumps and shivering
What is the bodies normal/constant internal temperature?
Approximately 37°C
What are 3 ways in which water leaves the body?
- Exhalation
- Sweating
- Urine
What are the 2 main functions of the kidneys?
- To clean blood
- To produce urine
How do the kidneys clean the blood and produce the urine?
1) The blood passes through the kidneys
2) The kidneys remove the waste products from our blood (and also adjust the amount of mineral ions and water in the blood)
3) The kidney then sends this waste taken from the blood to the bladder to be excreted as urine
What are the 3 main parts of urine?
- Water
- Urea
- Salts
What is the name of the hormone that controls the water concentration in the blood?
ADH
(If the water concentration is too high then less ADH is released, if it is too low then more ADH is released)
What are the 3 main waste products in the body and where are they removed?
Carbon Dioxide - Removed by the lungs during respiration
Excess amino acids - Converted into Urea in the liver
Urea, excess water and excess salts - Removed from the blood in the kidneys
True or False: A person can survive with only one kidney?
True - A person can survive with only one kidney, however no working kidneys will result in death
What are the 2 ways in which someone can replace/deal with a non-functioning kidney?
- Dialysis
- Transplantation
How does dialysis work to help someone with a non-functioning kidney?
1) A pump removes the flowing blood from the arteries
2) This blood is passes through a tube that passes through a dialysis machine, which contains dialysis fluid
3) This dialysis fluid removes and carries the waste products and urea out of and away from the blood
4) The now clean blood is then passed back into the arteries to be pumped around the body
How does a transplantation work to replace a kidney?
The kidney of a donor or a dead person is carefully inserted and connected to the person’s body
