B1.a Chat GPT Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the 5 main organelles in an animal cell?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes, mitochondria.
What 3 additional structures do plant cells have?
Cell wall, chloroplasts, permanent vacuole.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Site of aerobic respiration (releases energy).
Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?
In the chloroplasts.
What is the cell wall made of and what does it do?
Made of cellulose
Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?
No, their DNA is in a single loop.
Name 3 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells are smaller, lack a nucleus, and have no membrane-bound organelles.
What are flagella and slime capsules?
Optional structures on prokaryotic cells used for movement and protection.
How is a root hair cell adapted to absorb minerals?
Large surface area and many mitochondria.
What helps xylem cells support the plant?
Lignin-thickened walls
What is the role of phloem cells?
Transport sugars and amino acids.
How are sperm cells adapted for fertilisation?
Tail for movement, mitochondria for energy, acrosome enzymes to break into the egg.
What helps nerve cells transmit signals quickly?
Long axons, dendrites, and myelin sheath.
What do muscle cells store and why?
Glycogen, for energy during contraction.
What is the max magnification of a light microscope?
x2000
What is the max magnification of an electron microscope?
x2,000,000
Name two differences between light and electron microscopes.
Light: uses light, color image, live specimens. Electron: uses electrons, black & white, only dead specimens.
Can live specimens be viewed with an electron microscope?
No, only dead specimens.
What is the formula for calculating magnification?
Size of image = Actual size × Magnification
What are the steps of a basic microscopy practical?
- Place tissue on slide. 2. Add stain. 3. Lower coverslip. 4. Focus on low power. 5. Increase power and fine focus.
