B2 : Genetic Factors Affecting Development

Question 1

Overview

Answer 1

Genetic makeup = half from both parents

23 chromosomes each

Genes = Dominant or recessive

Dominant + recessive = recessive unseen

Recessive genes = they are seen

Question 2

Genetic predisposition + examples

Answer 2

Possibly to develop condition

Cystic fibrosis = mucus in lungs, produces fungus

Brittle bone disease = Thinner bones, seen during menopause

Huntington’s disease = passed on, loss of reflexes, killed within 10 yrs

Question 3

Chromosomal abnormalities + examples

Answer 3

Missing/irregular portion of chromosomal DNA

Down’s syndrome - Foetus extra copy of chromosomes (heart problems, short height)

Klinefelter syndrome - Males born w/ extra X chromosome (lack of facial hair,incurable)

Question 4

Susceptibility to disease

Answer 4

Diseases involving environmental factors and interaction of genes

Cancer - Disease lead to abnormal cells (lung, skin)
risk: smoking, skin exposure, breast + kidney (genetic)

Diabetes - Chronic condition (Type 1 and 2)
risk: type 1 (genetic risk)

High blood pressure - Inherited condition
risk: early heart problems, 50% pass down

Question 5

factors affecting development
(PREGNANCY)

Answer 5

Foetal alcohol syndrome
Caused by alcohol = poor cognitive dev, heart conditions, smaller head and thinner top lip

Maternal infection during pregnancy
Rubella - Type of measles = Affects 1st month, hearing and learning difficulties

Lifestyle during pregnancy
Affected by what mothers eat, sugar = heart disease + cholesterol / malnutrition = lacking nutrition

Question 6

Congenital defects (simple recap)

Answer 6

GENETICS
Disorder present at birth = Down’s syndrome

ENVIRONMENTAL
Lack of access to nutrition
Working/living in polluted areas

Pregnancy diseases = Syphills, Rubella
Prevention = Screening,vaccines, nutrition

Question 7

Example Q: Describe the physical impact of 2 conditions that can be inherited (4)

Answer 7

condition = Down’s syndrome, impact = heart problems

condition = Klinefelter, impact = lack of facial hair

Question 8

Nita is 19 yrs old and has foetal alcohol syndrome
Explain the effects of foetal alcohol syndrome on Nita’s development (6)

Answer 8

Foetal alcohol syndrome can reduce Nita’s physical development. When a pregnant woman consumes alcohol it can result in conditions such as heart problems as well as issues for her health.

This can also reduce Nita’s intellectual development. Alcohol consumption can cause poor cognitive development when the child is consuming this from the mother, and affect her learning.

This can also reduce Nita’s emotional development.For example their difference in appearance such as a smaller head can lead to decreased self-image and esteem.