B2 - Organisation

Question 1

What is an enzyme?

Answer 1

A protein which speeds up chemical reactions

Question 2

What are carbohydrases?

Answer 2

Enzymes that break down carbohydrates into simple sugars

Question 3

What is amylase?

Answer 3

A carbohydrase enzyme that breaks down starch into simple sugars It is produced in the mouth and pancreas.

Question 4

What is protease?

Answer 4

An enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids. It is produced in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine

Question 5

What is lipase?

Answer 5

An enzyme that breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol. It is produced in the pancreas, mouth, and stomach.

Question 6

What are lipids?

Answer 6

Fats and oils

Question 7

What is bile?

Answer 7

An alkaline substance produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It neutralises stomach acid and breaks down fats into small droplets

Question 8

What is emulsification?

Answer 8

The breaking down of a substance down into small droplets

Question 9

What is a xylem

Answer 9

Plant tissue that transports water and dissolved mineral ions up the plant

Question 10

What is a phloem

Answer 10

Plant tissue that transports sugars up and down a plant

Question 11

What is meristem?

Answer 11

Plant tissue found in the growing tips of roots and shoots

Question 12

What are stomata?

Answer 12

Small holes underneath the leaf to allow gases to move in and out of the leaf

Question 13

What are guard cells?

Answer 13

Cells that open and close the stomata to reduce water loss

Question 14

What is spongy mesophyll?

Answer 14

The layer of cells in the leaf that allow gases to exchange

Question 15

What is a palisade cell?

Answer 15

Layer of cells in the leaf that contain lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Question 16

What are epidermal tissues?

Answer 16

Layers of cells at the top of the leaf and the bottom of the leaf

Question 17

What is the aorta?

Answer 17

Major artery that carries OXYGENATED blood from the heart to the body cells

Question 18

What is the vena cava?

Answer 18

Major vein that carries DEOXYGENATED blood from the body to the heart

Question 19

What is the pulmonary artery?

Answer 19

Major artery that carries DEOXYGENATED blood from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen

Question 20

What is the pulmonary vein?

Answer 20

Major vein that carries OXYGENATED blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 21

What are valves?

Answer 21

Pieces of soft tissue that stop blood flowing backwards in the vein

Question 22

What are arteries?

Answer 22

Blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart

Question 23

What are veins?

Answer 23

Blood vessels that carry blood IN to the heart

Question 24

What are capillaries?

Answer 24

Blood vessels that transport blood deep into the tissues to deliver oxygen and glucose

Question 25

What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

Answer 25

A disease in which layers of fatty material built up in the coronary arteries, narrowing them, reducing blood flow

Question 26

What are stents?

Answer 26

Small medical devices used to keep the coronary arteries open

Question 27

What are statins?

Answer 27

Drugs used to reduce blood cholesterol

Question 28

What is a risk factor?

Answer 28

Something linked to an increased rate of a disease

Question 29

What is a benign tumour?

Answer 29

Growths of abnormal cells which are contained in one area. They CANNOT spread throughout the body

Question 30

What is a malignant tumour?

Answer 30

Cancers that invade neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body