B6 - Inheritance, varation and evolution

Question 1

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 1

Sugar + a phosphate + a base

Question 2

What is tissue culture?

Answer 2

A method of cloning using small groups of cells from part of a plant to grow identical new plants

Question 3

What are cuttings?

Answer 3

A simple method used by gardeners to produce many identical new plants from a parent plant

Question 4

What are embryo transplants?

Answer 4

A method of cloning which involves splitting apart cells from a developing animal embryo before they become specialised, then transplanting the identical embryos into host mothers

Question 5

What is adult cell cloning?

Answer 5

A nucleus is placed into empty egg cell and is inserted into the womb of an adult female

Question 6

What is speciation?

Answer 6

The formation of a new species through natural selection from an isolated population

Question 7

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 7

Reproduction which involves the fusion of male and female gametes

Question 8

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 8

Reproduction that involves only one parent with no fusion of gametes

Question 9

What is meiosis?

Answer 9

Cell division which halves the number of chromosomes, forming gametes

Question 10

What is DNA?

Answer 10

A double-helix of polymers that contains the recipe for life, contained in chromosomes

Question 11

What is a gene?

Answer 11

A small section of DNA on a chromosome which codes for a protein

Question 12

What is a genome?

Answer 12

The entire set of genetic material of an organism

Question 13

What is a mutation?

Answer 13

A change in the DNA

Question 14

What is a gamete?

Answer 14

Sex cells, such as egg and sperm cells

Question 15

What is an allele?

Answer 15

The different versions of a gene

Question 16

What is a dominant gene?

Answer 16

A gene that is expressed in the phenotype when at least one allele is present

Question 17

What is a recessive gene?

Answer 17

A gene that is expressed in the phenotype if both alleles are present

Question 18

What is true of the alleles in a homozygous pair?

Answer 18

The alleles present in each gene are the same

Question 19

What is true of the alleles in a heterozygous pair?

Answer 19

The alleles present in each gene are different

Question 20

What is a genotype?

Answer 20

The alleles that are present

Question 21

What is a phenotype

Answer 21

The physical characteristics/features that are present as a result of a gene

Question 22

What is cystic fibrosis

Answer 22

A disorder of cell membranes where mucus is thick and sticky

Question 23

What is polydactyly

Answer 23

An inherited disorder where the individual has extra digits (fingers or toes)

Question 24

What is variation?

Answer 24

The differences in the characteristics of individuals in a population

Question 25

What is evolution?

Answer 25

A change in the inherited characteristics of a population over time through the process of natural selection

Question 26

What is natural selection

Answer 26

A process which gives rise to phenotypes best suited to their environment

Question 27

What is selective breeding

Answer 27

The process by which humans breed plants and animals for particular genetic characteristics

Question 28

What is genetic engineering

Answer 28

A process which involves modifying the genome of an organism by introducing a gene from another organism to give a desired characteristic

Question 29

What are fossils?

Answer 29

The preserved remains of organisms from millions of years ago, which are found in rocks

Question 30

What is extinction

Answer 30

When there are no remaining individuals of a species still alive

Question 31

What is the binomial system?

Answer 31

Naming organisms by their genus and species