B3 - Environmental factors that affect development Flashcards
1
Q
Types of Environmental Factors that affect development
A
- Housing
- Access to Health Care
- Geographical location
- Pollution
2
Q
How does Housing impact on development?
A
- Unhygienic - infections, cold, flu.
- Damp - Mould - asthma, allergies. = damage
- Unsafe - broken windows, unsafe staircase.
- cold weather - hypothermia - mainly affects older people as they’re unable to afford heating.
- lack of open space - no garden = no social opportunities. Might become overweight, limited social activity.
3
Q
How does Access to Healthcare impact on development?
A
- corridor/hallway is too thin
- cobbles in the pavement
- transport to facilities
- no ramps
- broken lifts
4
Q
How does Geographical location impact on development?
A
- taxi prices = expensive
- missing appointments
- missed bus - bus times
5
Q
How does Pollution impact on development?
A
- Air pollution - effects on cardiovascular system, can cause respiratory issues such as: COPD, asthma.
- Sound pollution - struggle to sleep, rest and work due to distractions.
- Water pollution - infections & illness.
6
Q
Define Pollutant. Name some Outside and Inside Factors of air pollution.
A
Pollutant - a substance that contaminates something such as air/water and it may be unsafe.
Outside factors:
- Chemicals from vehicle exhaust systems
- industrial emissions
Inside factors:
- mould
- cleaning products
7
Q
Describe Poor Housing Conditions
(at least 3)
A
- Dampness (mould)
- Structural defects
- Overcrowding
- Poor cleaning, cooking facilities
- Drying clothes, indoors with poor ventilation
- Spread of infection through poor sanitation
- Lack of open green spaces.
- Deprived areas
- Vandalised, broken or misused playgrounds.
8
Q
Name health impacts that may happen due to Air Pollution
A
- Respiratory disorders
- Cardiovascular problems
- Allergies
9
Q
Define Respiratory disorders
A
Respiratory disorders are conditions affecting the upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura and pleural cavity.
10
Q
Define Cardiovascular problems
A
Cardiovascular problems are described as any disorder or disease of the heart or blood vessels.
11
Q
Define Allergies
A
Allergies are caused by irritants such as dust or pollen causing the nervous system to overreact.
12
Q
Information about Respiratory Disorders
A
- Tobacco smoke, combustion products and air are harmful to the respiratory system.
- Respiratory disorders range from a runny nose or sore throat to conditions such as bacterial pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and lung cancer
13
Q
Information about Cardiovascular Problems
A
- Exposure to other chemicals that cause air pollution increases the risk of thrombosis and raised blood pressure.
- Exposure to pollution during pregnancy may be linked to the baby having congenital heart defects and cardiovascular disease in later life.
14
Q
Information about Allergies
A
- Hayfever is a seasonal reaction to certain types of pollen.
- It can cause sneezing, watery eyes and a runny nose, lethargy and flu-like symptoms.
- An asthma attack causes difficulty in breathing as the airways (bronchi and bronchioles) become inflamed and constricted.
15
Q
Name Respiratory Disorders
A
- Asthma
- COPD
16
Q
What is asthma described as?
A
Asthma is a common lung condition that causes occasional breathing difficulties.
17
Q
Symptoms of asthma
A
- wheezing
- breathlessness
- a tight chest
- coughing
18
Q
Causes of asthma
A
- allergies
- smoke, pollution and cold air
- exercise
- colds or flu
19
Q
What is COPD described as?
A
It is the name for a group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties.
Such as:
- Emphysema
- Chronic Bronchitis
20
Q
Symptoms of COPD
A
- Shortness of breath
- Persistent chesty cough with phlegm
- Frequent chest infections
- Persistent wheezing
21
Q
What is COPD caused by?
A
- long term exposure to harmful fumes or dust.
- rare genetic problem that causes the lungs to be more vulnerable to damage.
22
Q
What is Hypothermia described as?
A
Hypothermia is described as a dangerous drop in body temperature below 35°C.
23
Q
Symptoms of Hypothermia
A
- shivering
- pale, cold and dry skin
- slurred speech
- slow breathing
- tiredness or confusion
24
Q
Causes of Hypothermia
A
- Not wearing enough clothes
- Staying out in the cold too long
- Falling into cold water
- Have wet clothes and get cold
- Live in a cold house - older people living alone and particularly at risk.
25
How can living conditions cause Cardiovascular Problems?
- Children living in overcrowded housing tend to have problems with growth and have an increased risk of heart disease.
- Poor quality housing can lead to stress. - this then affects an individual's blood pressure.
- High blood pressure changes and damages the artery walls + increases the risk of blood clots and strokes.
- Lack of exercise and poor diet lead to cardiovascular problems caused by lack of green spaces.
- poor living conditions develop unhealthy habits - smoking tobacco and drinking alcohol.
26
How can poor housing lead to anxiety and depression?
- Stress of paying bills.
- disturbed sleep due to worrying/fear of safety.
- anxiety of meeting the needs of a family.
- choosing poor lifestyle choices to control emotions.
- inability to concentrate.
- lack of privacy/independence.
- fear of crime.
- lack of light/heat can cause depression.
- feeling of shame
- bullying
27
What are the challenges to accessing health and social care services?
- transport
- opening times
- cultural and behavioural barriers
28
How does the local authority help to provide health and social care services?
- Transport
- Suitable opening times
- Financial support
- provide more support in schools and poorer areas.
- mobility support
- healthy living centres
29
Name Adult and Children's Social Care services
- Housing
- Home care
- Benefits: financial support
- Residential care
- Supported living
- Day centres + Luncheon Clubs
- Children's services
30
Name Health Services
- community health
- walk in centres
- paediatric care
- dental
- pharmacy
- maternity services
- mental health
- sexual health
- urgent/emergency care
- eye care
- home nursing
- chronic healthcare
31
What do both Health and Social Care services offer?
- advisory services
- advocacy
- discharge planning
- transport
- nursing home
- end of life care
- safeguarding
32
What makes travelling to appointments stressful?
- Having to financially pay for travel, parking, arranging lifts, publkic transport times.
- Living in remote areas means transport is often unreliable.
- Hospital car parks are very expensive - usually unaffordable for service users with regular appointments.
----> appointments being cancelled, missed or rebooked.
- This can have a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of frail and vulnerable people or families with young children.
33
How could transport issues impact health and wellbeing?
- Health and deterioration
- Spreading of disease and/or illness
- Loss of money
- Reliance on others - family members. Then feeling guilty/a burden.
- Increased rates of anxiety and depression.
34
Why might some not have the same access?
**1. Service Availability**
- Specialist services or drugs are not available in some geographical areas.
- There may be restrictions on delivery or service opening times.
- Pressures on services because of increased demand, e.g. winter flu, may limit availability.
- Waiting times are affected by lack of availability of specialists and hospita! beds.
- Lack of public transport to take individuals to and from services.
**2. Individual circumstances**
- Mobility difficulties restrict physical access.
- Learning and/or communication difficulties can impact on a person's understanding of and contact with available services.
- Sensory difficulties impact on a person's ability to find out about and access services.
- Personal circumstances,
such as caring for others or working long hours, can make attending services difficult.
35
How can the inequality of access to the NHS be overcome?
- Extend GP hours
- Introduce more NHS walk in centres and healthy living centres and extend the NHS 111 service
36
Name the needs and requirements of particular services.
- They aim to promote an early intervention policy.
- Try to improve the health and well-being of young children and their families.
- Improving health and reducing poverty is important for preventing long term health problems and reducing the risk of premature death.
- Elderly/men/anyone of a certain religion or culture less likely to seek support.
37
What kind of people are unable to access services?
- Homeless people and vulnerable immigrants - whom are at risk of infectious diseases
- Some families are difficult to reach - travelling families or they don’t have English as a first language.
38
Reasons why people can’t attend GP surgeries
- caring commitments
- working long hours
- transport difficulties
