B6 - Major life events that affect development Flashcards
(40 cards)
1
Q
Define Predictable Life Events
A
Predictable life events are events that are likely to happen to most people, such as starting school or work. Predictable life events can also be anticipated and prepared for.
2
Q
Define Unpredictable Life Events
A
Unpreditable life events are events that are not expected such as an accident or serious illness. They happen with little or no warning so cannot be prepared for.
3
Q
Name Predictable Life events
A
- starting school/nursery
- beginning and changing employment
- leaving home/care
- leaving prison
- marriage
- parenthood
- retirement
4
Q
Name Unpredictable Life events
A
- birth of a sibling
- redundancy
- illness and serious injury
- divorce
- bereavement
5
Q
Positive learning from starting school/nursery
A
- learning to make friends and cope with change
6
Q
Risks of stress from starting school/nursery
A
- Feeling unsafe - withdrawing from others.
- Loss of support from parents.
7
Q
Positive learning from beginning and changing employment
A
- Choosing a work role and having an income from employment.
8
Q
Risks of stress from beginning and changing employment
A
- Feeling pressured by new demands on time and mental energy.
- Finding difficulty in adapting.
- Loss of past lifestyle.
9
Q
Positive learning from leaving home/care
A
- Achieving independence - controlling personal environment.
10
Q
Risks of stress from leaving home/leaving care
A
- Feeling unable to cope in a new situation. Feeling pressured by all the new tasks.
- Loss of family/care support.
11
Q
Positive learning from leaving prison.
A
- Coping with freedom and choice.
12
Q
Risks of stress from leaving prison.
A
- Loss of routine.
- Loss of structured environment.
- Possible lack of support with finding an income and housing.
- Coping with possible discrimination.
13
Q
Positive learning from Marriage.
A
- Making emotional attachments and experiencing intimacy.
- Seen as successful and happy and improves self image.
14
Q
Risks of stress from marriage.
A
- Feeling threatened by intimacy and sharing possessions.
- Possible loss of independence.
15
Q
Positive learning from Parenthood.
A
- Attachment to infant.
- Learning parenting skills.
16
Q
Risk of stress from parenthood.
A
- Disruption of previous lifestyle.
- Loss of free time.
- New demands on time and energy.
- Feeling tired due to loss of sleep.
17
Q
Positive learning from retirement.
A
- Controlling own life - disengaging from work.
18
Q
Risks of stress from retirement.
A
- Loss of previous work roles
- Loss of contact with work colleagues.
- Difficulty establishing a new lifestyle
19
Q
Positive learning from the birth of a sibling
A
- Learning to make new emotional attachments.
20
Q
Risk of stress from the birth of a new sibling.
A
- Jealousy and rivalry - emotional tension because role within the family has changed.
- Older child/children may lose attention from parents.
21
Q
Positive learning from redundancy.
A
- Learning to adapt and changes in income and lifestyle.
22
Q
Risk of stress from redundancy.
A
- Refusal to accept change.
- Anger or depression.
- Failure to cope with loss of income and lifestyle.
23
Q
Positive learning from illness and serious injury
A
- Learning to adapt to physical change.
24
Q
Risk of stress from illness and serious injury.
A
- Grief at the loss of good health.
- Anger or depression.
- Failure to adapt to disability.
25
Positive learning from **divorce**.
- Learning to cope with a new lifestyle.
26
Risk of stress from **divorce**.
- Resentment or depression.
- Grief at the loss of the relationship.
- Failure to adapt to a new lifestyle.
- Possible financial hardship.
27
Positive learning from **bereavement**.
- Learning to cope with loss
- New lifestyle
28
Risk of stress from **bereavement**.
- Grief at the loss of the relationship
- Failure to adapt to an unwanted lifestyle.
29
What is stress?
- It is an automatic response to dealing with challenging situations/life events.
- It raises heart rate, increases, blood pressure, boosts energy, and prepares people to deal with the problem. This is known as the ‘fight’ or ‘flight’ mechanism.
- Stress may interfere with day-to-day life and become a serious psychological and physical problem - making them unwell.
30
What did Richard Lazarus say about stress?
He said that ‘stress is experienced when a person perceives that the demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilise’.
Also said that the effects of stress depend on:
- how vulnerable and threatened they feel
- focus on stress and stressful events in contemporary society
Examples of this are:
- being overloaded with college work.
- constant demands via social media
- the breakup of a relationship
- death of a loved one
Stress can be short term - a positive motivational force.
31
Short term impacts of stress
- raises heart rate
- increases blood pressure
- boosts energy
- loss of sleep
- impaired judgement
- prepares the body for **fight** or **flight**
32
Long term impacts of stress on the immune system
- susceptibility to infections and colds
33
Long term impacts of stress on the cardiovascular system.
- high blood pressure
- heart attacks
- sudden death
34
Long term impacts of stress on the respiratory system
- breathlessness
- asthma
35
Long term impacts of stress on the digestive system
- loss of appetite
- gastric ulcers
- duodenal ulcers
- irritable bowel syndrome
36
How might people deal with stress?
- lack of motivation and shut down.
- over/under eating
- smoking tobacco and drinking alcohol
- people may have anxiety attacks which cause shortness of breath, a need for physical space, trembling and crying
37
Long term impacts of stress on the musculoskeletal system.
- tension headaches
- taut muscles
- muscular twitches
38
Long term impacts of stress on the endocrine system
- diabetes
- loss of sex drive
- absence of menstruation
39
What is the Holmes Rahe scale?
- In 1967, Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe examined the medical records of over 5,000 medical patients as a way to determine whether stressful events might cause illness.
- Patients were asked to tally a list of 43 life events base on a relative score.
- Positive correlation was found between their life events and illnesses.
- Results were then published under the social readjustment rating scale.
40
What were the criticisms of the Holmes-Rahe SRRS?
- Majority of research conducted was only tested on males.
- This may not be suitable to women.
- Outdated and only relevant to society in 1967 and this cannot be applied to today’s society.
- The SRRS fails to consider that some individuals may find aspects more or less stressful than others.
- The scale assumes life events are the same for everyone.
- However, a change of employment may be more stressful for some than others.
