B4 - Social factors that affect development

Question 1

Define Family.

Answer 1

Family is described as a social group of people, often related genetically, by marriage or by living together as a group.

Question 2

Name the different types of family

Answer 2

• Nuclear
• Single parent
• Extended
• Blended

Question 3

Define a Nuclear family.

Answer 3

In a nuclear family, there are parents and biological children.

Question 4

Define a single parent family.

Answer 4

In a single parent family, there is one parent and children.

Question 5

Define an Extended Family

Answer 5

An extended family is when you’re also living with grandparents, aunts and uncles.

Question 6

Define a blended family.

Answer 6

This is when it’s step and adopted families.

Question 7

How can being part of a family group help you develop in a number of ways?

Answer 7

• Forming emotional relationships and attachments.
• First experiences of social interaction.
• Influences for behaviour.
• Meeting physical needs = protection, food, shelter and warmth.
• Supporting each other emotionally.
• Protecting family members from stress.
• Helping each other financially or practically.

Question 8

Define a dysfunctional family

Answer 8

A dysfunctional family is a family that is not providing all of the support and benefits associated with being in a family.

Question 9

What are some factors that could cause a dysfunctional family?

Answer 9

• Stress - mental health issues, poor housing and low income.
• Poor parenting skills
• Controlling, aggressive and manipulative family members.
• Neglecting children.
• Parents inconsistent in teaching children how to behave in society.

Question 10

Name some impacts of divorce on the child/adolescent’s body.

Answer 10

• Risk taking behaviours.
• Lack of trust in relationships.
• Resentment
• Self-harming
• Poverty
• Easily pressured
• Depression
• Underachievement at school
• Reliance on friends
• Self blame
• Envy parents
• Jealous of new siblings
• Moodiness
• A lowered self esteem, self confidence and self concept.

Question 11

Types of Bullying

Answer 11

• Verbal Bullying
• Physical Bullying
• Emotional Bullying
• Cyber Bullying

Question 12

Define Verbal Bullying

Answer 12

Verbal Bullying is when words are used to hurt.

Question 13

Examples of Verbal bullying

Answer 13

• name calling
• making racist, sexist or d isablist
  comments/ slurs
• making hurtful comments
• making threats
• ridiculing.

Question 14

Define Physical Bullying

Answer 14

Physical bullying is when force is used to hurt.

Question 15

Examples of Physical Bullying

Answer 15

• hitting
• pushing
• slapping
• kicking
• taking, hiding, damaging another’s belongings.

Question 16

Define Emotional Bullying.

Answer 16

Emotional bullying is psychological hurt.

Question 17

Examples of emotional bullying

Answer 17

• spreading rumours
• excluding
• ignoring
• stalking

Question 18

Define Cyber Bullying

Answer 18

Cyber bullying is using technology to hurt.

Question 19

Examples of Cyber Bullying

Answer 19

• sending hurtful messages via the internet
• sharing personal information without permission
• posting inappropriate photos
• hurtful/anonymous text messaging

Question 20

Reasons why/how people bully.

Answer 20

• Being bullied themselves
• Race, culture, religion
• Revenge
• Social media
• Emotional
• Gossiping
• Stealing
• Hitting
• Threats
• Humiliation
• Teasing
• Name calling

Question 21

Impacts of bullying

Answer 21

• Poor self image
• Feeling unsafe
• Lonely
• Social isolation
• Low self worth
• Suicidal thoughts
• Suicide
• Self harming
• Depression
• Stress
• Reduced self esteem

Question 22

How can Sibling rivalry have an impact?

Answer 22

Exposure to high levels of conflict could lead to a child backing aggressive and displaying bullying to other children in the family.

Question 23

What did Rosenthal and Doherty say about sibling rivalry?

Answer 23

They stated that “Children who are in rivalry with siblings or are bullies are quite often bullied by their parents.”

Question 24

What did Diana Baumrind say regarding parenting styles?

Answer 24

She identified 3 different parenting styles that she thought could contribute to the overall development of children.

Question 25

Define **Parenting Styles**.

Answer 25

Parenting styles are described as the different strategies/ways that parents use to bring up children.

Question 26

What are the three parenting styles?

Answer 26

- Authoritative - Permissive - Authoritarian

Question 27

What is **Authoritative** parenting described as?

Answer 27

**Authoritative** parenting is when the parents are not overly strict. Children are brought up to respect authority and develop appropriate values and boundaries.

Question 28

What is **Permissive** parenting described as?

Answer 28

**Permissive** parenting is when parents make few demands and may be reluctant to implement rules or values into the lives of their children. Children therefore often lack self control as they have no set boundaries or respect for personal space.

Question 29

What is **Authoritarian** parenting described as?

Answer 29

**Authoritarian** parenting is when parents have very high expectations, often overwhelming their children with strict rules and regulations. Children are often rebellious and may become problematic both in the family home and in social settings.

Question 30

Culture, community and beliefs influence these things…

Answer 30

- Dress - Diet - Personal Values - Relationships - Lifestyle - Morality

Question 31

How can medical intervention be impacted by beliefs/culture?

Answer 31

For example, Christian scientists believe in healing through prayer and Jehovah’s Witnesses do not receive blood transfusions.

Question 32

Possible health risks of the religious rules on medical interventions.

Answer 32

Deterioration to health and possible death.

Question 33

How can dietary restrictions be impacted by beliefs/culture?

Answer 33

Some religions forbid the consumer of certain foods, such as shellfish for Jews or pork for Muslims. Buddhists and many Hindus are vegetarian.

Question 34

Possible health benefits of the religious influence on Dietary restrictions.

Answer 34

High fibre and/or low fat diets lower risk of high cholesterol, heart disease and high blood pressure. Reduced risk of cancers and heart disease if alcohol or stimulants are restricted.

Question 35

Possible health risks of the religious influence on Dietary restrictions.

Answer 35

Nutritional deficiencies, such as lack of calcium (bones and teeth), iron and vitamin B12 (for red blood cells), vitamin D (for healthy bone growth) and protein (for maintenance of muscles, organs, skin and bones).

Question 36

How can fasting be impacted by beliefs/culture?

Answer 36

Several religions have periods of fasting, such as Muslims during Ramadan, Jews for several days in the year and mormons on the first Sunday of each month.

Question 37

Possible health benefits of the religious influence on fasting.

Answer 37

Loss of weight, reduced cholesterol levels, detoxification.

Question 38

Possible health risks of the religious influence on fasting.

Answer 38

Heartburn, constipation, malnourishment, dehydration, exacerbation of existing conditions such as diabetes and stress.

Question 39

Positive effects of culture and beliefs

Answer 39

- People share the same values, beliefs and religion. - People feel accepted and are supported by others. - People feel valued by others because of their values, beliefs and religion.

Question 40

Negative effects of culture and beliefs

Answer 40

- People are discriminated against because of their values, beliefs or religion. - People feel excluded because of their values, beliefs or religion. - A person’s culture is ignored or not understood.