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Biology > B3 Organisation And Digestion > Flashcards

B3 Organisation And Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Organelles

A

Smaller parts of cells

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2
Q

Tissue

A

A group of cells the same type

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3
Q

Organ

A

Group of cells working together

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4
Q

Organ system

A

Group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions

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5
Q

Examples of cells

A

Blood cells

Stem cells

Sperm cells

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6
Q

Examples of tissues

A

Epithelial tissue

Muscle tissue

Nervous tissue

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7
Q

Examples of organs

A

Brain

Lungs

Heart

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8
Q

Name all the organs in the digestive system

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus

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9
Q

Function of mouth

A

The teeth rip, chew and grind the food into smaller pieces

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10
Q

Function of large intestine

A

Excess water is absorbed from the food

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11
Q

Function of small intestine

A

Breaks down nutrients

Absorbs nutrients

Gets rid of unnecessary components

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12
Q

Function of liver

A

Bile in the liver neutralises stomach acid and emulsify fats

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13
Q

Function of pancreas

A

Protease, lipase and amylase are released into the small intestine to help digest the food

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14
Q

Function of rectum

A

Where the faeces are stored before passed out of the anus

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15
Q

Which food molecules are polymers

A

Proteins polymers of amino acids and nucleic acid

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16
Q

Tissues that make up organs

A

Epithelial tissue

Connective tissue

Muscle tissue

Nervous tissue

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17
Q

How the small intestine is adapted to its function

A

Villi and microvilli that increase surface area

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18
Q

Why the cells of multicellular organisms are organised into tissues, organs and organ systems

A

To support the life processes of cells to keep the organism alive

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19
Q

Functions of Epithelial tissue

A

Protection

Absorption

Diffusion

20
Q

Does potato contain

Starch, lipids, sugar, protein

A

Starch

21
Q

Does vegetable oil contain

Starch, lipids, sugar, protein

A

Lipids

22
Q

Do egg whites contain

Starch, lipids, sugar, protein

A

Sugar

Protein

23
Q

Does a banana contain

Starch, lipids, sugar, protein

A

Sugar

Protein

24
Q

Starch test

A

Few drops of iodine on food solution

If solution turns blue-black starch is present

25
Q

Lipid test

A

Few drops of ethanol to food solution

If solution turns cloudy food has lipids

26
Q

Sugar test

A

Few drops of benedict’s to food solution

If solution turns green the food contains some sugar

If orange-red the food contains lots of sugar

27
Q

Protein test

A

Few drops of biuret to food solution

If purple contains protien

28
Q

Enzymes

A

Proteins which act as biological catalysts

29
Q

1 function of enzymes inside the body

A

Speed up the rate of a chemical reaction

Destroy toxins

Build muscle

30
Q

What affects how well an enzyme works

A

Temperature and pH

31
Q

How are enzymes used in digestion

A

To break down food molecules

32
Q

What do carbohydrates, proteins and lipids break down to

A

Carbohydrase

Protease

Lipase

33
Q

How to test for substrates and products in the model gut

A

Set up Visking tubing

Fill with mixture of starch and glucose

Suspend in boiling tube for period of time

34
Q

How some organisms can survive in extreme conditon

A

Enzymes enable these organisms to function in extreme conditions

35
Q

How a change in temperature or pH affects the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction

A

Raising temperature generally speeds up a reaction

Lowering temperature slows down a reaction

36
Q

How enzymes speed up reactions

A

Reducing the activation energy increasing the rate of reaction

37
Q

Use the ‘lock and key theory’ to explain why the shape of the enzyme is vital for it to function

A

The substrate fits perfectly into the enzyme’s active site

38
Q

Why high temperatures and changes in pH prevent enzymes from catalysing reactions

A

High temperatures will break these forces

39
Q

How enzymes control metabolism

A

Enzymes lower the activation energies of chemical reactions

40
Q

What does the stomach contain

A

Acid

41
Q

Where is bile produced

A

Liver

42
Q

Functions of bile

A

Aids in digestion

Absorption of fat

43
Q

How acid in the stomach increases the efficiency of pepsin

A

A low pH (1.5 to 2) activates pepsin

44
Q

How bile increases the efficiency of fat digestion

A

Breaks down larger fat globules in food into small droplets of fat

45
Q

How the rate of an enzyme catalysed reaction shows how efficient the reaction is

A

kcat/km ratio

Biology (4 decks)

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