B4 Organising Animals And Plants

Question 1

What are the main components in blood

Answer 1

Plasma

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

Question 2

Function of red blood cell

Answer 2

Carries oxygen and delivers it throughout our body

Question 3

Function of white blood cell

Answer 3

Help the body fight infection and other diseases

Question 4

Function of plasma

Answer 4

Takes nutrients, hormones and proteins to the parts of the body that need it

Question 5

Function of platelets

Answer 5

To prevent and stop bleeding

Question 6

What are the three main types of blood vessels

Answer 6

Arteries

Veins

Capillaries

Question 7

Arteries

Answer 7

Carries blood pumped away from the heart

Question 8

Veins

Answer 8

Returns blood to the heart

Question 9

Capillaries

Answer 9

Tiny vessels that connect arteries and veins

Question 10

Function of heart

Answer 10

Pumps blood and oxygen around the body

Delivers waste products back to the lungs to be removed

Question 11

Main structures of human heart

Answer 11

4 chambers

Left atrium and right atrium (top)

Left and right ventricles (bottom)

Question 12

Examples of problems that can develop in blood vessels in the human heart

Answer 12

Angina

Heart attacks

Heart failure

Question 13

Process of blood clotting

Answer 13

Constriction of the blood vessel

Formation of temporary platelet plug

Activation of coagulation cascade

Formatiom of final clot

Question 14

How red blood cells adapted to their function

Answer 14

They are small and flexible so they can fit through narrow vessels

Question 15

Function of left and right ventricle

Answer 15

Right ventricle - pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

Left ventricle - recieves oxygen-rich blood from the lungs

Question 16

Function of left and right atrium

Answer 16

Right atrium - recieves oxygen-poor blood from the body

Left atrium - recieves blood full of oxygen from the lungs

Question 17

Stent

Answer 17

Tube constructed of a metallic alloy or a polymer

Question 18

Statin

Answer 18

Drugs that can lower your cholesterol

Question 19

Advantages of stents

Answer 19

Help blood flow

Stops heart attacks

Improve symptoms such as shotness of breath

Question 20

Disadvantages of stents

Answer 20

Bleeding

Blood clot inside stent

Stroke

Question 21

Advantages of statin

Answer 21

Reduce a person’s chance of having a heart attack or stroke

Question 22

Disadvantages of statin

Answer 22

Dizziness

Feeling sick

Feeling physically tired

Question 23

Importance of a double circulatory system

Answer 23

Ensures body always has a dedicated supply of oxygen

Improves body efficiency

Question 24

How white blood cells are adapted to their function

Answer 24

Can change shape to squeeze out of blood vessels

Question 25

Pacemaker

Answer 25

Group of cells that maintain a heartbeat

Question 26

What happens in alveoli

Answer 26

Gas exchanges

Question 27

Ways in which the heart can stop functioning efficiently

Answer 27

High blood pressure

Question 28

How alveoli are adapted

Answer 28

Thin walls provide gases with a short diffusion distance Moist walls - gases dissolve jn the moisture

Question 29

Process of ventilation

Answer 29

Movement of air through passages between the atmosphere and the lungs

Question 30

Why people may have objections to heart transplants

Answer 30

If they are too ill or frail to cope with the surgery and aftercare

Question 31

Why an irregular heartbeat is detrimental to health

Answer 31

Arrhythmias can damage the heart, brain or other organs

Question 32

How plant organs are involved in the transport system

Answer 32

Xylem and phloem transports the products of photosynthesis including sugars and amino acids

Question 33

Why transport in plants is important

Answer 33

Plants transport all the nutrients and water it needs for survival from its roots to the tips of the leaves

Question 34

State the functions of different plant tissues

Answer 34

Dermal tissue - cover and protects the plant Vascular tissue - transports water, minerals and sugars Ground tissue - a site of photosynthesis

Question 35

Xylem

Answer 35

Transports water and mineral salts from the roots up to other parts of the plant

Question 36

Phloem

Answer 36

Transports sucrose and amino acids

Question 37

Describe evidence for movement of water through xylem

Answer 37

Root pressure pushes water up

Question 38

How a natural pacemaker maintains the heart beat

Answer 38

Sinus node generates a new electrical impulse which spreads out through the heart's upper chambers

Question 39

Examples of plant organ structures

Answer 39

Roots Stems Leaves

Question 40

How the rate of transport through a plant can be measured

Answer 40

By measuring the distance travelled by an air bubble in a capillary tube over a given time

Question 41

Function of stomata

Answer 41

Regulate gas exchange between the plant and environment and control of water loss

Question 42

The factors that affect transpiration

Answer 42

Temperature Humidity Air movement Light intensity

Question 43

Transpiration

Answer 43

The evaporation of water vapour from the leaves

Question 44

How a potometer can be used to estimate the volume of water lost by a plant

Answer 44

By recording the time taken for a bubble in the tube to move a set distance

Question 45

Mass potometer

Answer 45

Measures transpiration through loss of mass

Question 46

Why temperature affects the rate of transpiration

Answer 46

As the temperature rises, the water evaporates faster

Question 47

Why humidity affects the rate of transpiration

Answer 47

Easier for water to evaporate into dryer air than into more saturated air

Question 48

Why light intensity affects the rate of transpiration

Answer 48

Plants open their stomata in response to light, allowing water vapour to escape from the leaves

Question 49

Why amount of air flow affects the rate of transpiration

Answer 49

Increased movement of the air around a plant will result in a higher transpiration rate

Question 50

How the opening and closing of stomata is controlled by guard cells

Answer 50

The turgor pressure in the guard cells controls the opening and closing of the guard cells

Question 51

How transpiration maintains the movement of water from roots to leaves

Answer 51

Transpiration is tranported to the leaves through the xylem

Question 52

Adaptations in plants to control water loss

Answer 52

Thick waxy cuticles create a barrier to evaporation

Question 53

How stomata control transpiration

Answer 53

Guard cells increase or decrease the size of the pore with changes in their turgor status

Question 54

Where is the pancreas

Answer 54

Between stomach and large intestine

Question 55

Where is the liver

Answer 55

Next to the stomach Bigger than pancreas

Question 56

What does pH mean

Answer 56

Potential of hydrogen