B3 Organisation & Digestion

Question 1

What is a system?

Answer 1

A system is a set of things that work together as part of a mechanism.

Question 2

What is a tissue?

Answer 2

A tissue is a group of the same type of cells working together.

Question 3

What makes an organ?

Answer 3

A group of tissues working together forms an organ.

Question 4

What is an organ system?

Answer 4

A group of organs working together to perform a specific function is an organ system.

Question 5

What are the 4 main types of tissue in the human body?

Answer 5

Connective, Epithelial, Muscle, and Nervous tissue.

Question 6

How many organ systems are in the human body?

Answer 6

11

Question 7

What is the role of the skeletal system?

Answer 7

It provides support, protection, and allows movement.

Question 8

What does the muscular system do?

Answer 8

It controls movement and regulates body temperature.

Question 9

What is the cardiovascular system’s function?

Answer 9

It is responsible for blood circulation.

Question 10

What is digestion?

Answer 10

Digestion is the breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble ones.

Question 11

What are the main organs involved in digestion?

Answer 11

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

Question 12

What are the supporting organs in digestion?

Answer 12

Salivary glands, liver, and pancreas.

Question 13

What happens in the mouth?

Answer 13

Food enters and is broken down by teeth.

Question 14

What happens in the oesophagus?

Answer 14

It connects the mouth to the stomach and moves food down by muscle contractions, called peristalsis.

Question 15

What happens in the stomach?

Answer 15

Food is broken down by hydrochloric acid and muscle contractions.

Question 16

What happens in the small intestine?

Answer 16

Digestion happens here, and small molecules are absorbed.

Question 17

What happens in the large intestine?

Answer 17

Water is absorbed, and faeces are formed.

Question 18

What happens in the rectum?

Answer 18

Faeces are stored here.

Question 19

What happens in the anus?

Answer 19

Faeces are excreted from the body.

Question 20

What does the liver do in digestion?

Answer 20

It produces bile, which helps break down lipids.

Question 21

What does the pancreas do in digestion?

Answer 21

It releases digestive juices that help break down food.

Question 22

What is a macromolecule?

Answer 22

A large molecule made from smaller molecules called monomers.

Question 23

What are carbohydrates made of?

Answer 23

Carbohydrates (like starch) are made of glucose monomers and are broken down by amylase.

Question 24

What are proteins made of?

Answer 24

Proteins are made of amino acid monomers and are broken down by protease.

Question 25

What are lipids made of?

Answer 25

Lipids are made of glycerol and fatty acid chains and are broken down by lipase.

Question 26

How can you test for starch?

Answer 26

Add iodine. It will turn from brown to blue/black if starch is present.

Question 27

How can you test for protein?

Answer 27

Add Biuret. It will turn from blue to purple if protein is present.

Question 28

How can you test for lipids?

Answer 28

Add ethanol. If it turns cloudy, lipids are present.

Question 29

How can you test for reducing sugars?

Answer 29

Add Benedict’s solution. If heated, it will change from blue to brick red if sugars are present.

Question 30

What is an enzyme?

Answer 30

An enzyme is a biological catalyst, usually a protein, that speeds up reactions.