Nutrition and Digestion

Question 1

What is the function in the pancreas in the digestive system?

Answer 1

The pancreas produces and releases enzymes that help break down food

Question 2

What is peristalsis?

Answer 2

Peristalsis is the contraction of the wall of the oesophagus that squeezes down food into the stomach.

Question 3

What are villi and what is their function?

Answer 3

Villi are small hair-like structures on the intestine wall that provide a high surface to volume ratio ,aiding in the absorption of foo

Question 4

What is bile?

Answer 4

Bile is a fluid produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It breaks down fat and fatty acids.

Question 5

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 5

The small intestine helps the products of food be absorbed into the bloodstream.

Question 6

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 6

The large intestine helps absorb water and electrolytes into blood and turn waste food into stool/faeces.

Question 7

What is the role of the rectum?

Answer 7

The rectum stores stool/faeces.

Question 8

How do faeces leave through the body?

Answer 8

Faeces leave through the anus by excretion.

Question 9

What are lipases?

Answer 9

Lipases are enzymes that break down lipids, which then break down into fatty acids and glycerols.

Question 10

What is the function of carbohydrase?

Answer 10

Carbohydrase break down carbohydrates and starch ,which then break down into glucose ,the main type of sugar in blood.

Question 11

What do proteases break down?

Answer 11

Proteases break down into proteins, which then break down into amino acids.

Question 12

What are the names of the three variables?

Answer 12

The independent variable, the dependent variable and the control variable.

Question 13

What is the definition of the control variable?

Answer 13

The thing that you keep the same in an experiment.

Question 14

What is the definition of the dependent variable?

Answer 14

The thing that you measure in an experiment.

Question 15

What is the definition of the independent variable?

Answer 15

The thing that you change in an experiment.

Question 16

What are enzymes?

Answer 16

Enzymes are an important substance made by the cells of organisms.

Question 17

What is the definition of binds/binding?

Answer 17

Substances attaching to each other.

Question 18

What is an active site?

Answer 18

The active site is a special place of the enzyme, where large molecules bind to the active site and have a chemical reaction.

Question 19

What is a substrate?

Answer 19

The large molecules that the active site binds too.

Question 20

What is the definition of a catalyse ?(not the type of enzyme)

Answer 20

To make a chemical reaction.

Question 21

What happens if the substrate doesn’t fit the active site?

Answer 21

There wouldn’t be a chemical reaction.

Question 22

What happens after the substrate binds to the active site?

Answer 22

The substrate breaks down into the smaller molecules.

Question 23

How do enzymes help the digestive system?

Answer 23

Help break down the food.

Question 24

Which element is present in proteins but not in carbohydrates?

Answer 24

Nitrogen.

Question 25

Which elements are present in fats and oils?

Answer 25

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 26

What is the chemical test for starch?

Answer 26

Iodine

Question 27

A brick red precipitate forms when a solution is heated with Benedict’s reagent. What could this solution contain?

Answer 27

Sugars.

Question 28

What is glycogen made from?

Answer 28

Glucose.

Question 29

Why are proteins important in a balanced diet?

Answer 29

They are good for height and growth.

Question 30

Which biological molecule contains the most energy?

Answer 30

Carbohydrates.

Question 31

Which reagent is used to test for the presence of fat?

Answer 31

Emulsion of ethanol.

Question 32

What is emulsion of ethanol?

Answer 32

When two liquids that don't like each other mix, they form tiny droplets that are spread out evenly.

Question 33

What is the definition of reagent?

Answer 33

A chemical that indicates the presence of a substance, usually by changing colour.

Question 34

What is unit of energy?

Answer 34

J which is Joules.

Question 35

How much energy is there in the food types: proteins, carbohydrates and fats/lipids?

Answer 35

Carbohydrates: 16.7kJ each gram. Proteins: 16.7kJ each gram. Fats: 37.7kJ

Question 36

How much Joules do you need to make 1kJ

Answer 36

1000 Joules.

Question 37

How do humans get energy by digestion?

Answer 37

The products of food that went to the small intestine absorb into blood which leads to the production of energy.

Question 38

What are lipids?

Answer 38

Lipids are basically fats but there are many types of lipids.

Question 39

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 39

Eating all of the seven food groups in the correct proportion.

Question 40

What are all the seven food groups of a balanced diet?

Answer 40

Proteins,fats,minerals,vitamins, fibers, carbohydrates and water.

Question 41

Why is protein important for a balanced diet?

Answer 41

They provide height and growth