B3 rest Flashcards by RL T

Why glucose found in blood not urine (5)

glucose enter blood from liver
filtered out of blood
small molecule
reabsorbed into blood
by at

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Why healthy person no protein in urine (2)

large molecule

diseased lets protein through filter

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Pros and cons of kidney transplant rather than dialysis (11)

no build up of toxins
prevent high blood pressure
no restricted diet
no blood clots like dialysis
kidney work all the time
cheaper long term

rejection
use of immunosuppressant drugs - other infections
dangers during operation
shortage of donors
high initial cost

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Why protein not present in filtrate (1)

too big to pass through filtrate

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Why con of urea higher in urine than filtrate (1)

Water taken into blood

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All absorb by diffusion why (2)

all sugars absorbed when poisoned

diff not need energy supply

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Haemoglobin not found in urine of healthy, found in diseased why (2)

RBC too big pass filter
haemoglobin inside RBC release when burst
small enough to pass through filter

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Which blood vessel is artery (2)

higher pressure

pulse

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Explain why urine flow decrease after ecstasy (1)

more reabsoprtion of water

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Why con of ions in blood change after ecstasy (2)

ions in blood diluted

increase water reabsorption

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How dialysis restore con of dissolved substances to normal levels (4)

partially permeable membrane
dialysis fluid has ideal con of solutes
waste passes from high to low con
equilibrium between plasma and dialysis fluid

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Why flask shaken (1)

mix in O2

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Why high con of Fusarium used

so not limiting

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Explanation for why F grow before li[ase start and as F slow, lipase speed (2)

need sufficient growth of F before release lipase

F use protein from reaction mixture, later use lipid

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How urine prod by kidneys (5)

filtration of blood (not protein) into kidney tubules
reabsorption of all glucose into blood
of some ions and water needed by body
urea present in urine
reabsorption of water by osmosis

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not nuch O2 dissolve in water why (3)

blood has haemoglobin
combine with O2
form oxyhaemoglobin

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Why blood leaving lung more O2 than muscles (2)

blood become oxygenated in lungs

lose O2 to cells as muscle respiring to provide energy

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Why urine more ions and urea on hot day (4)

more sweating
“ water loss
“ reabsorption
lower volume of urine

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Why urine in diabetic has glucose (2)

not all reabsorbed

too high con in tubule

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Method of treating narrowed part of blood and how work (3)

stent
keep artery open
allow ions move through blood

How comp of artery diff from vein

less o2, more O2

Role of blood vessels in control of body temp (4)

temp too high, blood vessels supply skin/capillaries dilate
more blood flow through skin
more heat lost by radiation
low, narrow

Why overheat in humid (3)

sweat released
cannot evaporate as water vapour in air
so less cooling

Blood plasma carries urea from …. to … where removed

liver

kidney

Factors consider so valve work (4)

no rejection not toxic not leak strong

Why core bdy temp increase and skin decrease after PE (4)

increase respiration release energy sweat evaporate cool

How body respond when glucose con decrease (3)

pancreas detect low con prod glucagon glycogen convert to glucose

Give one symptom of diabetes

Above normal blood sugar

Give 2 ways in which a diabetic may be advised to change their diet

``` Small / regular meals - keep constant (blood) sugar Low sugar (meals) - reduce the need for insulin ```

State one way in which the symptoms of diabetes may be treated

insulin

Describe the parts played by the brain and the skin in monitoring body temperature (4)

Thermoregulatory centre in brain Receptors sensitive measures temperature of blood Receptors in skin Sends impulses to thermoregulatory centre

Explain the role of muscle in the control of body temperature (8)

``` Cold: muscle contracts Less blood through capillaries Less heat lost Less sweat produced Hot: muscle relaxes More blood through capillaries More heat lost More sweat produced ```

Which organ in the body monitors blood glucose concentration

pancreas

The amount of insulin injected needs to be carefully controlled. Explain why

Amount of glucose in blood varies

Insulin reduces the concentration of glucose in the blood. Describe how insulin does this (2)

Stored as glycogen | Glucose into cells

What causes rise in core body temperature

respiration

Why body temp increase when not enough water (3)

Less water available for sweat Less heat lost Less evaporation (of sweat)

Which type of bread would be most suitable for a person with diabetes? (3)

Lower peak Slower rise Need to take less insulin

Explain the reasons for the changes in blood glucose concentration when the person ate the brown bread. (6)

``` Amylase Starch to sugar (Sugar) absorbed into blood Insulin produced in pancreas Glucose (from blood) into cells Glucose used in respiration ```

Pros and cons of pancreas transplant compared with insulin injections (9)

Permanent No need for self-monitoring No need for insulin No need for dietary control ``` Low success rate Still need dietary control Operation hazards Risk of infection from donor Rejection / need for drugs to prevent rejection ```

What type of substance is insulin?

protein

what happens to the excess amino acids (3)

Broken down Into urea In liver Filtered by kidney In urine Held in bladder

Name the organ which makes urea

liver

Which organ removes urea from the body?

kidney

When the woman’s core body temperature rises, the woman’s rate of sweating increases. Explain why. (3)

Thermoregulatory centre detecting rise in temperature (of blood or skin) causing increase in sweating More evaporation More cooling

What process brings about shivering?

muscle contraction

Shivering increases body temperature. Explain how. (3)

Muscles contract Respiration Releases heat

Which part of the brain monitors the fall in core body temperature

Thermoregulatory centre