B4-060 Pulmonary Infection Flashcards
(64 cards)
1
Q
major morphologic patterns in RTIs
3
A
- intra-alveolar accumulation of neutrophils
- interstitial expansion by mononuclear inflammatory cells
- granulomatous inflammation
2
Q
phases of acute pneumonia
3
A
- red hepatization
- gray hepatization
- resolution or organization
3
Q
- most common cause of lobar pneumonia
- most common cause of CAP pneumonia
A
s. pneumoniae
4
Q
most common cause of bronchiopneumonia
A
S. aureus
5
Q
- causes a bronchiopneumonia
- most commonly occurs in young children after viral infection or lung damage
A
H. influenzae
6
Q
- malaise, fever, SOB, productive cough
- ill appearing, cough, ronchi, wheezing
- dullness, egophany
A
suppurative pneumonia
7
Q
interstitial infiltrate of mononuclear cells
A
interstitial atypical pneumonia
8
Q
- less productive cough, low grade fever,
- not toxic appearing
- SOB, URI symptoms
- no left shift in WBC
A
interstitial atypical pneumonia
9
Q
lymphopenia
cytokine storm
hypercoaguable state
A
covid
10
Q
TB and fungal organisms cause
A
granulomatous pneumonia
11
Q
outpatient treatment for CAP
no comorbidities/MSRA/pseudomonas
A
amoxicillin or
doxycycline or
macrolide
12
Q
treatment
inpatient non severe pneumonia
A
B lactam + macrolide or
fluoroquinolones
13
Q
treatment
severe inpatient pneumonia
A
B lactam + macrolide or
B lactam+ fluroquinolone
14
Q
greater than 48 hours after hospital admission
A
HAP
15
Q
prevention of HAP
A
- mask ventilation
- head elevated
16
Q
typical organisms causing lobar pneumonia
3
A
- S pneumo
- Legionella
- Klebsiella
17
Q
typical organisms causing bronchopneumonia
4
A
- S pneumo
- S aureus
- H. flu
- Klebsiella
18
Q
typical organisms causing atypical pneumonia
4
A
- mycoplasma
- clamydophilia
- coxiella
- viruses
19
Q
- intra alveolar exudate leads to consolidation
- may involve entire lobe or whole lung
A
lobar pneumonia
20
Q
- acute inflammatory infiltates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli
- patchy distribution involving more than one lobe
A
bronchopneumonia
21
Q
- diffuse patcy infiltration localized to interstitial areas at alveolar walls
- bilateral multifocal opacities on CXR
- follows indolent course
A
interstitial atypical pneumonia
22
Q
aspiration of oropharyngeal or gastric contents causing pulmonary infection
A
aspiration pneumonia
23
Q
- AMS
- dysphagia
- neurologic disorders
- NG tubes
all are risk factors for…
A
aspiration pneumonia
24
Q
- aspiration, anaerobic bacteria
- strep viridans
- mycobacteria
can result in what complication?
A
abscess
25
if macrophages are overwhelmed, they recruit [...] from pulmonary capillaries
neutrophils
26
infections with mycobacteria cause a [...] inflammatory response
granulomatous
27
CURB65 stands for
Confusion
blood Urea nitrogen
Respiratory Rate
Blood Pressure
.>65 years of age
28
CURB65 is useful for deciding
if/where to admit
29
seasonal influenza vaccination is recommended to
all persons 6+ months
30
generally healthy patients are mostly affected by what pneumonia type
atypical
31
lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages in interstitum
atypical pneumonia
32
treatment for mycoplasma
macrolides
| lack a cell wall
33
MDR pathogens
| 4
* pseudomonas
* Klebsiella
* Acinetobacter
* MRSA
34
treatment of MDR VAP
| general
1 gram positive coverage
2 gram negative coverage
| ex. carbapenem + fluoroquinoline + vanc
35
voluminous, foul smelling sputum
lung abscess
| anaerobic bacteria
36
altered mental status
| think..
aspiration pneumonia
37
acute alcoholism
anesthesia
Alzheimer's
| risk factors for
aspiration
38
aspiration to the [...] is more common
right lung and lower lobe
39
most commonly implicated pathogen in lung abcesses
S. aureus
40
* [...] are normally found in the oral cavity and thus aspirated
* common causes of lung abcesses
anaerobes
| bacteroides, peptococcus, fusobacterium
41
lesion with air-fluid level
abscess
42
granulomatous lesions with central cavitation
TB
43
* lead to chronic abscesses but lack a liquefied component
* affect immunocompromised patients
nocardia
actinomycotic
44
most likely agent to be cultured in CAP
| paticularly lobar
S. pneumo
45
can produce a lobar pneumonia, but typically associated with HAP
pseudomonas
46
produce granulomatous disease
mycobacteria
47
gram negative coccobacillus
H. flu
48
previously a common cause of pneumonia in children but has decreased since the vaccination
H. flu
49
uncapsulated form is a common pathogen affecting those with COPD or CF
H. flu
50
* gram negative bacteria that resides in GI tract
* affects those prone to aspiration
klebsiella
51
* ceftriaxone + azithromycin
* levofloxacin
treatment options for...
CAP with no risk of MRSA/pseudomonas
52
if patient is at risk for HAP with MDR organism, what treatment is appropriate?
need MRSA + pseudomonas coverage
| ex. vancomycin + cefepime + levofloxacin
53
people with alcoholism are prone to what kind of pneumonia?
aspiration
54
* normal flora of GI tract
* affects those prone to aspiration of gastric contents
klebsiella
55
most common cause of gram negative pneumonia
klebsiella
56
red, gelatinous sputum
klebsiella
57
all adults of the age of [...] should receive the pneumococcal vaccine
65
58
in acute lobar pneumonia, the alveolar infiltrate consist mostly of [cell type]
neutrophils
59
viral, clamydial, and mycoplasma pneumonias are [...]
interstitial
60
hilar lymphadenopathy is characteristic of
TB
61
common etiology of young, healthy patients
atypicals- mycoplasma
62
treatment for mycoplasma
macrolides (azithromycin)
| mycoplasma has no cell wall
63
phagocytize small particles and microorganisms within the parenchyma
macrophages
64
if overwhelmed, recruit neutrophils from alveolar septal capillaries
macrophages
