B4-077 Cardiopulmonary Changes with Aging

Question 1

is cardiac output affected by age?

Answer 1

no

**unless due to exercise/stress

Question 2

decreased arterial compliance and
decreased baroreceptor response inhibit compensatory mechanisms and contribute to

Answer 2

orthostatic hypotension

Question 3

SA node automaticity is […] with aging

Answer 3

decreased

Question 4

accumulation of collage and increased size of cardiac myocytes contributes to […] with aging

Answer 4

LVH

Question 5

[systolic/diastolic] hypertension can contribute to LVH with aging

Answer 5

systolic

Question 6

the total number of cardiac myocytes […] with age

Answer 6

decreases

Question 7

calcification of the […] valve can contribute to orthostasis

Answer 7

aortic

Question 8

[systolic/diastolic] blood pressure increases with aging

Answer 8

systolic

Question 9

accumulation of fat around the SA node
decreased number of pacemaker cells
and diastolic dysfunction contribute to […] with aging

Answer 9

atrial fibrillation

Question 10

the number of pacemaker cells […] with age

Answer 10

decrease

Question 11

responsiveness to beta adrenergic stimulation is […] with age

Answer 11

decreased

**response to beta blockers is preserved

Question 12

risk of DVT […] with age

Answer 12

increases

Question 13

stiffening of the veins increases the risk of […] with aging

Answer 13

DVT

Question 14

decreased muscle strength
and immune dysregulation lead to increased risk of […]

Answer 14

pneumonia

Question 15

elastic recoil is […] with aging

Answer 15

decreased

Question 16

response to hypoxia/hypercarbia is […] with aging

Answer 16

decreased

Question 17

loss of […] causes expansion of alveolar ducts

Answer 17

elasticity

Question 18

loss of respiratory muscle tone leads to decreased

2

Answer 18

• vigor of cough
• chest expansion

Question 19

fever, abnormal lung sounds, productive cough, SOB

Answer 19

pneumonia

Question 20

abrupt onset of pleuritic chest pain, SOB, hypoxia

Answer 20

PE

Question 21

wheezes might suggest

2

Answer 21

COPD
asthma

Question 22

mucociliary clearance is […] with aging

Answer 22

decreased

Question 23

total lung capacity and residual volume are […] with aging

Answer 23

increased

Question 24

chest wall compliance […] with aging

Answer 24

decreases

due to stiffening of joints and weakening of muscles

Question 25

the ratio of CD4/CD8 [...] with age

Answer 25

increases

Question 26

what contributes to DVT in the elderly?

Answer 26

thickening of venous valves

Question 27

decreased arterial compliance with aging leads to [...] systolic blood pressure

Answer 27

increased

Question 28

Answer 28

keep going :)

Question 29

uncontrolled a fib often results in

Answer 29

dizziness, palpitations

Question 30

absent P wave on EKG

Answer 30

a fib

Question 31

mainstay of stroke prophylaxis in a fib

Answer 31

anticoagulants

Question 32

in a fib, the atrial rate is | bpm

Answer 32

400-600 bpm

Question 33

most common arrythmia in older adults

Answer 33

a fib

Question 34

cresendo-decresendo systolic murmur

Answer 34

aortic stenosis

Question 35

aortic stenosis can lead to [...] which can be identified on CXR

Answer 35

LVH

Question 36

echo shows degeneration/calcification of aortic valve

Answer 36

aortic stenosis

Question 37

dyspnea, bilateral rales, reduced EF, S3

Answer 37

systolic HF