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Biology > B4 - Organising Animals And Plants > Flashcards

B4 - Organising Animals And Plants Flashcards

1
Q

Multi-Cellular Organisms with a _____ Surface Area to ______ Ratio often have Specialised Transport Systems.

A

Small…Volume…

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2
Q

What does the Human Circulatory System consist of?

A

Blood, Blood Vessels and Heart.

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3
Q

Blood is based on a Liquid called ______.

A

Plasma.

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4
Q

Plasma carries Red and White _____ Cells, and Platelets.

A

Blood.

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5
Q

Blood Plasma is a ______ Liquid.

A

Yellow.

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6
Q

Plasma has _____ Cells suspended inside it.

A

Blood.

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7
Q

Plasma transports ________ and other Chemicals around the body.

A

Proteins.

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8
Q

Waste Carbon _______ produced by the Plasma is carried to the Lungs for Respiration (_________).

A

Dioxide…Breathing…

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9
Q

Red Blood ______ carry Oxygen from the air to Cells in the body.

A

Cells.

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10
Q

Red Blood Cells are shaped as Discs which _______ their Surface _____ to Volume _____ for Diffusion.

A

Increase…Area…Ratio…

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11
Q

Red Blood Cells are packed with something called Haemoglobin that binds to ______.

A

Oxygen.

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12
Q

Red Blood Cells have no _______, making more space for Haemoglobin.

A

Nucleus.

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13
Q

White Blood Cells are much ______ than Red Blood Cells but there are fewer of them.

A

Bigger.

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14
Q

White Blood Cells have a _______ and form part of the bodies Defence ______ against harmful Micro-Organisms.

A

Nucleus…System…

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15
Q

___________ form Anti-Bodies against harmful Micro-Organisms.

A

Lymphocytes.

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16
Q

__________ engulf and digest invading Bacteria and Viruses.

A

Phagocytes.

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17
Q

Platelets have __ Nucleus and are important in helping the Blood to ____ at a Wound.

A

No…Clot…

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18
Q

White Blood Cells help to protect the body against _________.

A

Infection.

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19
Q

_____ Clotting protects the new Skin as it grows and stops any ________ entering the Body through the Wound.

A

Blood…Bacteria…

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20
Q

Which three ways is Blood carried around the body?

A

Through the Arteries, Veins and Capillaries.

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21
Q

Arteries carry Blood away from the Heart to the ______ in the Body.

A

Organs.

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22
Q

How do Arteries force Blood through them?

A

By Stretching.

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23
Q

Arteries have thick _____ containing _______ and Elastic Fibres.

A

Walls…Muscles…

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24
Q

Veins carry _____ away from the Organs towards the _____.

A

Blood…Heart…

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25
Q

Veins __ ___ have a Pulse.

A

Do Not.

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26
Q

Veins have much thinner Walls than ________.

A

Arteries.

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27
Q

Veins have valves which control the amount of _____ getting towards the Heart.

A

Blood.

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28
Q

Capillaries form a network of tiny _______ which link to the Arteries and Veins.

A

Vessels.

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29
Q

Capillaries are narrow with very ____ Walls.

A

Thins.

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30
Q

Capillaries enable Glucose and Oxygen to diffuse easily out of your _____ towards Cells.

A

Blood.

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31
Q

Substances produced by Cells pass easily into the _____ through the ____ Walls of the Capillaries.

A

Blood…Thin…

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32
Q

Human Beings have a double ___________ System.

A

Circulatory.

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33
Q

The first Transport System carries _____ from the Heart to the Lungs then back again allowing Oxygen and Carbon _______ to be exchanged with the Air.

A

Blood…Dioxide…

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34
Q

The second Transport System carries _____ from the Heart to all the other Organs in the body and back again.

A

Blood.

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35
Q

Walls of the _____ are made up of Muscle. This Muscle is supplies with _______ by the Coronary Arteries.

A

Heart…Oxygen…

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36
Q

Blood enters the top chambers of the _____, which are called the Atria.

A

Heart.

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37
Q

Blood coming into the Right ______ from the Vena Cava is De-Oxygenated Blood from the Body.

A

Atrium.

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38
Q

Blood coming into the Left ______ in the Pulmonary Vein is Oxygenated Blood from the Lungs.

A

Atrium.

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39
Q

The Atria contract together as you breathe and force _____ down into the Ventricles.

A

Blood.

40
Q

The Right Ventricle forces De-Oxygenated _____ to the Lungs in the Pulmonary Artery.

A

Blood.

41
Q

The Left Ventricle pumps Oxygenated _____ around the Body in a big ______ called the Aorta.

A

Blood…Artery…

42
Q

The Muscle Wall of the Left ________ is Thicker than the Wall of the _____ Ventricle.

A

Ventricle…Right…

43
Q

In Coronary _____ Disease, the Coronary Arteries that supply _____ to the Heart Muscles become Narrow.

A

Heart…Blood…

44
Q

Doctors solve the problem of ________ Heart Disease by using a Stent.

A

Coronary.

45
Q

A Stent is a Metal Mesh that is placed in the ______.

A

Artery.

46
Q

Stents can be used to keep Narrowed or Blocked __________ open.

A

Arteries.

47
Q

Having a Stent is __________ and risky.

A

Expensive.

48
Q

Doctors prescribe Statins for anyone in risk of Cardio-Vascular _______.

A

Disease.

49
Q

Statins reduce Cholesterol Levels in the _____, reducing the risk of Coronary _____ Disease.

A

Blood…Heart…

50
Q

Heart Valves have to withstand a lot of ________.

A

Pressure.

51
Q

Over time, _____ Valves may start to leak and not open fully which makes the Heart less efficient.

A

Heart.

52
Q

Doctors can operate faulty Heart Valves by replacing them with Mechanical ______.

A

Valves.

53
Q

Mechanical Valves are made up of ________ (a Metal).

A

Titanium.

54
Q

Damaged _____ Valves can be replaced using Biological ______ as well.

A

Heart…Valves…

55
Q

The resting Heart Rate is controlled by a group of _____ in the Right ______ that form a Natural Peacemaker.

A

Cells…Atrium…

56
Q

Artificial Peacemakers are Electrical Devices used to correct faults in the ______ Rhythm.

A

Heart.

57
Q

Artificial Hearts are occasionally used to keep Patients alive while they wait for a __________, or for their Heart to rest and recover.

A

Transplant.

58
Q

There is a High Risk of Blood _______ in an Artificial Heart.

A

Clotting.

59
Q

For a ___ Exchange to work you need a large Difference on Concentrations of the Gas on different _____ of the Exchange Membrane.

A

Gas…Sides…

60
Q

Lungs are found in the Chest (______) and are seperated from the Digestive ______ by the Diaphragm.

A

Thorax…Organs…

61
Q

Breathing in diffuses the ______ into the Bloodstream through the ___ Exchange surfaces of the Alveoli.

A

Oxygen…Gas…

62
Q

Breathing out removes ______ Dioxide from the Lungs.

A

Carbon.

63
Q

Lungs are specially adapted to make Gas ________ more efficient.

A

Exchange.

64
Q

Lungs are made up of clusters of _______ that provide a very large Surface Area.

A

Alveoli.

65
Q

The Alveoli have a rich supply of _____ Capillaries.

A

Blood.

66
Q

Gases can Diffuse in and out of the _____ as efficiently as possible due to the rich supply of Blood ___________.

A

Blood…Capillaries…

67
Q

Specialised _____ in Multi-Cellular Plants are organised into Tissues and ______.

A

Cells…Organs…

68
Q

Epidermal _______ cover surfaces of Plants and protect them.

A

Tissues.

69
Q

Palisade Mesophyll tissues contains a lot of ___________, which carry out Photosynthesis.

A

Chloroplasts.

70
Q

Spongy Mesophyll ________ contain some Chloroplasts for Photosynthesis but also have a large surface area and space for Diffusion.

A

Tissues.

71
Q

What are the Transport Tissues in the Plants?

A

Xylem and Phloem Cells.

72
Q

______ Cells carry water from the Roots up to Leaves.

A

Xylem.

73
Q

______ Cells carry dissolved food from the Leaves around the Plant.

A

Phloem.

74
Q

What is the Meristem Tissue made up of?

A

Rapidly dividing Plant Cells.

75
Q

In Plants, Specialised _______ are arranged to form ______.

A

Tissues…Organs…

76
Q

The Root, Stem and _______ of a Plant form an Organ System to Transport Substances around the Plant.

A

Leaves.

77
Q

Phloem Tissues transport sugars made by Photosynthesis from the ______ to the rest of the Plant.

A

Leaves.

78
Q

Plants have two separate ________ systems.

A

Transport.

79
Q

The movement of dissolved sugars from the ______ to the rest of the _____ is called Translocation.

A

Leaves…Plant…

80
Q

Xylem Tissues transport _____ and mineral Ions from the Roots to the Stem and Leaves.

A

Water.

81
Q

What do Phloem Cells move?

A

Food.

82
Q

What do Xylem Cells move?

A

Water and Mineral Ions.

83
Q

All over the ____ Surface are small openings known as Stomata.

A

Leaf.

84
Q

The Stomata can be opened when the Plants needs ___ to get into the Leaves.

A

Air.

85
Q

The opening and closing of the _______ is controlled by the Guard _____.

A

Stomata…Cells…

86
Q

When the Stomata are open, Plants _____ Water vapour.

A

Lose.

87
Q

The loss of _____ Vapour is known as Transpiration.

A

Water.

88
Q

When Water Vapour is lost through the Stomata, they open to let in Carbon _______ for Photosynthesis.

A

Dioxide.

89
Q

The Stomata and _____ Cells control Gas Exchange and Water loss.

A

Guard.

90
Q

Different __________ affect the rate of Transpiration.

A

Conditions.

91
Q

What are the Factors that affect the Rate of Transpiration?

A

Temperature, Humidity and Light Intensity.

92
Q

Anything that increase the Rate of _____synthesis will increase the Rate of _____________.

A

Photo…Transpiration…

93
Q

In what conditions is Transpiration more rapid?

A

Hot, Dry (Arid) and Bright Conditions.

94
Q

What is the waxy Waterproof layer of the Leaf called?

A

The Cuticle.

95
Q

Most Stomata are found under the ____ so it can avoid direct sunlight.

A

Leaf.

96
Q

If a Plant starts to lose Water it will:

A

Start to Wilt and the Stomata will close.

97
Q

Which Apparatus do you need to investigate the effect of the Rate of Transpiration?

A

A Potometer.

Biology (18 decks)

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