B5 - Knowledge Organiser Questions

Question 1

What is the function of the nervous system?

Answer 1

It enables organisms to react to their surroundings and co-ordinates behaviour

Question 2

What are the 2 parts of the central nervous system?

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Why are reflex actions described as rapid and automatic?

Answer 3

They do not involve the conscious part of the brain

Question 4

Why are reflex actions important?

Answer 4

For survival and to prevent damage to the body

Question 5

Give the pathway of the nervous system

Answer 5

stimulus -> receptor -> coordinator -> effector -> response

Question 6

What is a stimulus?

Answer 6

A change in the internal or external environment

Question 7

What is a synapse?

Answer 7

Junction between neurones allowing impulses to cross

Question 8

What is the function of neurones?

Answer 8

Carry the electrical impulses around the body

Question 9

What is homeostasis?

Answer 9

Maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 10

Why is homeostasis important?

Answer 10

Maintains optimal condition for cell and organ function and enzyme activity

Question 11

Give three internal conditions controlled in homeostasis

Answer 11

Body temperature, blood glucose concentration, and water levels

Question 12

Give three things all control systems include

Answer 12

Receptors, coordination centres, and effectors

Question 13

Name the three coordination centres

Answer 13

Brain, spinal cord, pancreas

Question 14

Name two types of effectors

Answer 14

Muscle and glands

Question 15

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 15

System of glands that secrete hormones into the blood

Question 16

How do the effects of the endocrine system compare to those of the nervous system?

Answer 16

Endocrine system effects are slower but act for longer

Question 17

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 17

Brain

Question 18

Which organ monitors and controls blood glucose concentration?

Answer 18

Pancreas

Question 19

Which hormones interact to regulate blood glucose levels?

Answer 19

Insulin and glucagon

Question 20

What is the cause of Type 1 diabetes?

Answer 20

Pancreas produces insufficient insulin

Question 21

What is the cause of Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 21

Body cells no longer respond to insulin

Question 22

What is the function of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

Answer 22

Causes eggs to mature in the ovaries and stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen

Question 23

What is the function of luteinising hormone (LH)?

Answer 23

Stimulates the release of an egg

Question 24

What is the function of oestrogen?

Answer 24

Causes the lining of the uterus wall to thicken

Question 25

What are the methods of hormonal contraception?

Answer 25

Oral contraceptives, Contraceptive injections, Contraceptive implant, Contraceptive patch, interuterine devices (IUD)

Question 26

What are the methods of non-hormonal contraception?

Answer 26

Barrier methods, copper IUD, spermicidal agents, sterilisation, abstinence

Question 27

State the disadvantages of in vitro fertilisation (IVF)?

Answer 27

Emotionally and physically stressful, low success rate, may lead to risky multiple births

Question 28

What is the function of adrenaline in the body?

Answer 28

Increases heart rate, boosting delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles to prepare body for fight or flight

Question 29

What is the function of thyroxine in the body?

Answer 29

Stimulates basal metabolic rate, so is important for growth and development

Question 30

Name one hormone controlled by negative feedback

Answer 30

Thyroxine

Question 31

Which endocrine glands control secondary sexual characteristics?

Answer 31

Ovaries in females, testes in males