B5h: Growth and repair Flashcards
How can diet and exercise influence growth? (2)
if lack of proteins (to grow and repair/make new cells) or minerals (bone growth), child may not grow as much as its genes allow
exercise stimulates release of growth hormone + builds muscle, weightbearing exercise +bone mass
What are extremes of height usually caused by?
genes or hormone imbalance
Describe human growth hormone (2)
produced by pituitary gland
stimulates general growth, espeically in long bones
How does a feotus grow?
different parts of foetus and baby grow at different rates (brain grows +rate than rest of body because large, welldeveloped brain is a survival advantage)
What measurement of a baby are taken during their first months and why? (3+1)
length
mass
head size
to provide early warning of growth problems
How are average growth charts used? (2)
baby’s growth compared w/ range of average values/percentiles to identify obesity, malnutrition, dwarfism,…
based on average of population; not everyone’s growth follows the pattern so only concern if large difference or if inconsistent pattern (small baby w/ large head)
Possible causes of the increase in life expectancy during recent times (4)
industrial disease (asbestosis), accidents in workplace
+healthy life style + diet with less cases of vitamin/mineral deficiency
modern treatments/cures for previous fatal disease (vaccinations prevent many infectious diseases)
better housing, safer, healthier
Possible consequences of more people living longer (3)
icnrease population, shortages of housing and +environmental pollution
+old people, +stress on pension bill, state might not be able to give pensions to everyone; +retirement age
older people have +medical problems, need +care, +stress on healthcare, +cost to taxpayer
Problems in supply of donor organs(2)
shortage of donors
person needing transplant must wait long time for organ meeting criteria - tissue match, size, age
Problems of using mechanical replacements (4)
large, difficult to transport/implant kidney dialysis machines
need constant power supply; battery life of pacemakers 7 - 10 years, must be replaced
must use materials that are strong (titanium); does not react with body fluids (inert: titanium/ plastic) nor degrade/rust
still can cause inflammation/allergic reactions
Ethical issues concerning organ donation (4)
bodies to be buried intact - wrong to give organs
life/death up to God (wrong to receive organs)
doctors might not save someone if critically ill because their organs could be used for transplant
people pressured into donating
Problems with transplants (2)
immune system may reject foreign transplanted organ
tissue matching and immuno-suppressive drug treatment reduces risk of rejection but increases risk of infection
Why can donors be living
you can live without whole/parts of certain organs (e.g. kidney/piece of liver)
what makes a suitable living donor?(4)
over 18
young, organ fit/healthy
similar body weight so organ fits
tissue match to prevent rejection
Criteria needed for a dead person to be a suitable donor (5)
young, organ fit/healthy
similar body weight so organ fits
tissue match to prevent rejection
died recently because organs only stay usable for few hours outside body
permission from relatives
