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M&M Test 3 > B6-048 Drugs: Bone Mineral Homeostasis > Flashcards

B6-048 Drugs: Bone Mineral Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

oral glucocorticoids are a major risk factor for

A

osteoporosis

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2
Q

calcium and phosphorus regulation is regulated by [2 main ones she mentioned]

A

1,25-dihydroxvitamin D3
Parathyroid hormone

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3
Q

PTH and vitamin D stimulate […] proliferation and differentiation

A

preosteoblast

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4
Q

PTH and vitamin D stimulate differentiation and activation of […]

A

osteoclasts

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5
Q

used as prophylaxis treatment of osteoporosis

A

calcium

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6
Q

used to treat hypocalcemia due to dietary insufficiency or malabsorption states

A

calcium

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7
Q

oral preparations of calcium [2]

A

calcium carbonate
calcium citrate

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8
Q

IV preparation of calcium

A

calcium gluconate

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9
Q

most likely calcium supplement to cause gas, bloating, and constipation

A

calcium carbonate

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10
Q

which calcium MUST be taken with food

A

calcium carbonate

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11
Q

oral calcium that is cheapest

A

calcium carbonate

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12
Q

oral calcium that causes fewer GI problems and can be taken without food

A

calcium citrate

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13
Q

used to treat osteoporosis and osteomalacia in combination with calcium

A

vitamin D

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14
Q

prophylaxis and treatment of nutritional rickets

A

vitamin D

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15
Q

which vitamin D has the longest half life?

A

cholecalciferol (D3)

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16
Q

which vitamin D requires bioactivation?

A

cholecalciferol (D3)

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17
Q

most active form of vitamin D
requires prescription

A

calcitriol

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18
Q

vitamin D used for metabolic rickets, hypothyroidism, secondary HyperPTH due to kidney failure

A

calcitriol

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19
Q

vegetarian option for vitamin D, but is less physiological overall

A

ergocalciferol

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20
Q

which form of vitamin D is OTC?

A

cholecalciferol

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21
Q

suppress the activity of osteoclasts inhibits bone resorption

A

bisphosphonates

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22
Q

bisphosphonates are primarily used to treat

A

osteoporosis

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23
Q

instructions for taking bisphosphonates

A

take with full glass of water on an empty stomach and remain upright for 30 min

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24
Q

most common adverse effect of bisphosphonates

A

esophageal and gastric irritation

25
Q

long term use (5+ years) of bisphosphonates can cause

A

osteonecrosis of the jaw

26
Q

a “drug holiday” from bisphosphonates is recommended after […] years

A

3-5

27
Q

etidronate is administed [time]

A

daily

28
Q

alendronate is administered [time]

A

weekly

29
Q

risendronate is administered [time]

A

monthly

30
Q

IV bisphophonate administered annually

A

zoledronic acid

31
Q

bisphosphate that is available in oral and IV preparations

A

ibandronate

**monthly or quarterly

32
Q

etidronate is only used to treat

A

Paget’s

33
Q

stimulates new bone that is structurally normal, structurally analogous to PTH

A

teriparatide

34
Q

not recommended for use > 2 years d/t black box warning for osteosarcoma

A

teriparatide

35
Q

how is teriparatide administered?

A

sub q

36
Q

works to increase bone mass, but is not as effect as bisphosphonates or teriparatide

A

calcitonin

37
Q

RANKL inhibitor that suppresses bone resorption

A

denosumab

38
Q

sclerostin inhibitor
suppresses bone resorption and increases bone formation

A

romosozumab

39
Q

should be administered with calcium and vitamin D

A

romosozumab

40
Q

acts as an agonists in bone and liver
antagonist in breast and uterus

A

raloxifene

41
Q

SERM

A

raloxifene

42
Q

reduces bone-resorbing effects of PTH
but not recommended for postmenopausal osteoporosis

A

estrogen

**increased risk of cancer

43
Q

activates the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in parathyroid gland

A

cinacalcet

44
Q

used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism in renal disease and parathyroid carcinoma

A

cinacalcet

45
Q

stabilizes hydroxyapatite crystal in bone and teeth
used to prevent dental caries

A

fluoride

46
Q

increase Ca+ reabsorption in the DCT
used to treat hypercalciuria

A

thiazide diuretic

47
Q

decrease Ca++ absorption
increase Ca++ excretion
block bone formation

A

glucocorticoids

**lead to osteporosis

48
Q

recombinant PTH analog

A

teriparatide

49
Q

osteonecrosis of the jaw is an adverse effect of

A

bisphosphonates

50
Q

slow the formation and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals

A

bisphosphonates

51
Q

bisphosphonate that is administered once yearly

A

zoledronic acid

52
Q

calcimimetic

A

cinacalcet

53
Q

treatment for hypocalcemic tetany

A

calcium gluconate

54
Q

thiazide diuretics increase […] at the distal tubule

A

calcium resorption

55
Q

activates CaSR and is used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

cinacalcet

56
Q

RANKL inhibitor used to treat osteoporosis

A

denosumab

57
Q

how do glucocorticoids (prednisone) cause osteoporosis?

A

decreases Ca++ absorption
increases Ca++ excretion
blocks bone formations

58
Q

[…] are sometimes used in hypogonadal men with low bone density

A

androgens

M&M Test 3 (16 decks)

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