B6

Question 1

what is a gene

Answer 1

short section of DNA that codes for a characteristic

Question 2

what is a genome

Answer 2

complete set of DNA for an organism

Question 3

what are the uses of mitosis

Answer 3

growth, development, repair

Question 4

how does variation happen?

Answer 4

through mutations

Question 5

what are the types of mutations

Answer 5

deletion, insertion, duplication and substitution

Question 6

what is adaptation?

Answer 6

special characteristics or behaviours that make an organism suited to their habitat which improves chances of survival and reproduction

Question 7

what is evolution

Answer 7

a change in the inherited
characteristics of a population over a number of
generations through a process of natural selection
which may result in the formation of new species

Question 8

what is variation

Answer 8

difference between species

Question 9

what are fossils

Answer 9

the remains of an organism that lived a very long time ago

Question 10

what do fossils show us

Answer 10

• how organisms changed - throughout the past
• evidence for evolution
• lets us see small incremental changes

Question 11

what are some problems with fossils?

Answer 11

• some organisms are soft bodied and don’t fossilise well
• some fossils formed a long time ago could have been destroyed
  –> could be through earthquakes or volcanoes

Question 12

what modern evidence is there for evolution

Answer 12

antibiotic resistance, especially MRSA

Question 13

how does antibiotic resistance work

Answer 13

*bacteria is killed by antibiotics but some go through a mutation in their DNA, causing the bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics
*normal bacteria are killed but the mutated ones survive and reproduce
*the amount of this increases, meaning the bacteria has evolved

Question 14

what happens if a genetic variant affects the phenotype?

Answer 14

it can give rise to different characteristics that make an organism better suited to its environment

Question 15

what is natural selection?

Answer 15

a process where organisms that are better adapted to an environment will survive and reproduce. This means that the advantageous alleles of this variant organism are passed on to offspring. Over many generations, the process of natural selection leads to evolution occurring

Question 16

what is speciation?

Answer 16

the formation of new species

Question 17

when can speciation happen

Answer 17

when there is a physical barrier isolating the two populations

Question 18

why is breeding done

Answer 18

maximum yield, good health, disease resistance, fertility

Question 19

how is breeding done?

Answer 19

*parent organisms are selected and bred w each other
*the best of the offspring are bred
*the process is repeated to get the desired traits

Question 20

what does selective breeding do to the gene pool

Answer 20

reduces it

Question 21

why does inbreeding happen

Answer 21

breeding the best individuals together

Question 22

what can inbreeding lead to

Answer 22

health problems from genetic disorders
new diseases: everyone will be at risk

Question 23

what is classification of organisms

Answer 23

grouping organisms based on their similarities and differences

Question 24

what is the classification system?

Answer 24

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 25

mnemonic

Answer 25

King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup

Question 26

What does DNA tell us about classification?

Answer 26

*they check the genomes, looking for similarities(the same number of genes) *if diff organisms have the same number of genes, its likely they had a common ancestor * the more similar the sequences are, the more closely related they are

Question 27

what can dna analysis tell us

Answer 27

suggest whether different groups have a common ancestor, and how recently speciation occurred

Question 28

what is biodiversity

Answer 28

diversity of living organisms, different genes and different ecosystems

Question 29

what changes have reduced biodiversity?

Answer 29

increasing human population, industrialisation, globalisation

Question 30

how can these changes damage or destroy ecosystems

Answer 30

habitat destruction waste sharing resources

Question 31

how can we prevent the loss of biodiversity

Answer 31

by having sustainability

Question 32

what is sustainability

Answer 32

meeting the needs of the population without harming the environment so it can be used for future generations

Question 33

3 ways of protecting biodiversity through conservation schemes

Answer 33

* protecting specific species * protecting habitats and ecosystems * preventing ecosystem damage on a global scale

Question 34

protecting specific species

Answer 34

-ban the hunting of them - keep them in safe areas, away from harmful activities -breeding programmes to increase the number

Question 35

protecting habitats and ecosystems

Answer 35

setting aside specific protected areas by preventing land development

Question 36

protecting ecosystem damage on a global scale

Answer 36

climate change and global warming - reduce greenhouse gases

Question 37

how does maintaining biodiversity help humans too?

Answer 37

protects food supply - overfishing ensuring minimal damage to food chains - one species going extinct affects the whole food chain provides future medicines - rainforest destruction providing industrial materials and fuels - wood + deforestation

Question 38

economic issues maintaining biodiversity

Answer 38

- can be expensive - could affect countries ecosystems

Question 39

moral issues maintaining biodiversity

Answer 39

some think its wrong to stop humans from using resources that could boost their economy - protecting one species could mean killing other species

Question 40

ecological issues maintaining biodiversity

Answer 40

conservation schemes to protect one species could affect other species

Question 41

political issues maintaining biodiversity

Answer 41

-some countries may not want to work together -other countries may not want to sign an agreement schemes may not be favoured in some communities - fishing restrictions in a fishing village