B7-067 Limbic System

Question 1

taste receptor cells and olfactory receptors can regenerate via […] cells

Answer 1

basal

(act as stem cell population)

Question 2

what taste transductions occur via direct ionic mechanisms? [2]

Answer 2

salt (Na+)
sour (H+)

Question 3

what taste transductions occur via second messenger? [3]

Answer 3

sweet
bitter
umami

Question 4

transduction of taste causes cells to […] and activate neurotransmitter

Answer 4

depolarize

Question 5

CN that carry taste [3]

Answer 5

VII
IX
X

Question 6

CNs mediating taste target the […] nucleus

Answer 6

gustatory

(part of solitary)

Question 7

primary gustatory cortex is located in the […]

Answer 7

insula

Question 8

shearing of olfactory cells at the cribriform plate can result in

Answer 8

anosmia

Question 9

all olfactory transduction is done via […] receptors

Answer 9

G-protein coupled

Question 10

olfactory receptors synapse in the […] of the olfactory bulb

Answer 10

glomeruli

Question 11

[…] tract projects directly to the cortex

Answer 11

olfactory

(no synapse in thalamus)

Question 12

main targets of olfactory pathways [3]

Answer 12

amygdala (hypothalamus)
neocortex (OFC)
entorhinal cortex (hippocampus)

Question 13

loss of olfactory sense

Answer 13

anosmia

Question 14

why can COVID-19 cause anosmia?

Answer 14

virus binds to supporting olfactory cells

Question 15

functions of the limbic system [4]

Answer 15

Homeostasis
Olfaction
Memory
Emotions and drives

HOME

Question 16

many cortical limbic structures represent […] cortical architecture

Answer 16

primitive

(less than 6 layers)

Question 17

hippocampal structure with only 3 layers of cortex

Answer 17

allocortex

Question 18

how many layers of cortex does the neocortex have?

Answer 18

6

Question 19

forms the gradual transition between 3 and 6 layer cortices

Answer 19

mesocortex

Question 20

[…] memory is taken care of by the limbic circuits

Answer 20

short term

Question 21

Papez circuit

Answer 21

cingulate cortex –> entorhinal cortex –> hippocampal formation –> fornix –> mammillary body –> anterior nucleus of thalamus

Question 22

input from sensory association areas and olfactory bulb is consolidated in the […] cortex, then projects to hippocampus

Answer 22

entorhinal

(project to dentate gyrus and pyramidal cells)

Question 23

[…] gyrus of the hippocampus maintains the ability to regenerate new neurons into adulthood

Answer 23

dentate

Question 24

the […] cells of the hippocampus are extremely sensitive to anoxia

Answer 24

pyramidal (CA1-3 areas)

Question 25

the brain's GPS

Answer 25

hippocampus "grid cells" and "place cells"

Question 26

subconscious evaluator of the meaning of stimuli emotional response to the consequence of a situation

Answer 26

amygdala

Question 27

olfactory information is received in the [...] of the amygdala

Answer 27

corticomedial nuclear group

Question 28

visual, auditory, and tactile information is received in the [...] of the amygdala

Answer 28

basolateral nuclear group

Question 29

information from the the solitary nucleus and parbrachial nucleus is received in the [...] of the amygdala

Answer 29

central nucleus

Question 30

the corticomedial nuclear group of the amygdala projects to the [...]

Answer 30

hypothalamus, septum (feeding, repro)

Question 31

the central nucleus of the amygdala projects to the [...]

Answer 31

hypothalamus, brainstem (autonomic regulation)

Question 32

the basolateral nuclear group of the amygdala projects to the [...]

Answer 32

executive centers (decision making)

Question 33

the "hyperfast" system of thinking uses the

Answer 33

amygdala | (Bypasses OFC and DLFC)

Question 34

pathway of mesolimbic system

Answer 34

ventral tegmental area --> nucleus accumbens --> orbitofrontal cortex

Question 35

what limbic system is the "want" pathway, involved in addiction and schizophrenia?

Answer 35

mesolimbic

Question 36

receives sensory information, evaluates it for emotional content, and coordinates the response

Answer 36

amygdala

Question 37

sensory information enters memory circuits through the [...] cortex which projects to the hippocampus

Answer 37

entorhinal

Question 38

dentate gyrus and hippocampus are part of the [...] circuits

Answer 38

memory

Question 39

central nucleus of the hypothalamus projects to the [...] to initiate fight or flight

Answer 39

intermediolateral cell column

Question 40

entorhinal cortex is involved in [...] formation

Answer 40

memory

Question 41

dorsal motor nucleus is involved in [...] function

Answer 41

parasympathetic

Question 42

nucleus [...] controls speech and swallowing

Answer 42

nucleus ambigous

Question 43

parts of the limbic circuit involved in creating memories [4]

Answer 43

dentate entorhinal cortex anterior nucleus of the thalamus mammillary bodies

Question 44

organized into 5 major classes

Answer 44

tastants

Question 45

taste receptor cells are innervated by [...] cells

Answer 45

ganglion

Question 46

directly transmit action potentials to the olfactory bulb

Answer 46

primary olfactory neurons

Question 47

sensory epithelia for both taste and gustation contain [...] cells, which can differentiate into new sensory cells

Answer 47

basal

Question 48

these neurons are particularly sensitive to anoxia, which may lead to transient amnestic syndrome

Answer 48

pyramidal cells in the hippocampus

Question 49

dopaminergic projections from the [...] to the [...] are part of the "want" pathway

Answer 49

dopaminergic projections from the [midbrain] to the [limbic system] are part of the "want" pathway

Question 50

recognizes the emotional significance of objects/situations and determines their "emotional valence"

Answer 50

amygdala

Question 51

stimulation of the "want" pathway plays a major role in [2]

Answer 51

addiction substance abuse

Question 52

describe the "want" pathway

Answer 52

dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain ventral tegmentum project to limbic structures in the orbital frontal cortex

Question 53

main causes of anosmia [4]

Answer 53

cocaine methotrexate thiamine deficiency COVID-19