B7-075 ADHD

Question 1

ADHD onsets before the age of […], but diagnosis can only be established after age […]

Answer 1

ADHD onsets before the age of [12], but diagnosis can only be established after age [4]

Question 2

diagnostic criteria of ADHD requires symptoms occurring in […] setting

Answer 2

two or more

(i.e. school, home, church, etc) (helps rule out environmental factors)

Question 3

ADHD is associated with […] intelligence, but often coexists difficulties at school or other cognitive disorders

Answer 3

normal

Question 4

three stages of attention

Answer 4

1. alerting
2. orienting
3. executive attention

Question 5

the ability to maintain attention over long periods of time

Answer 5

alerting

(vigilance, sustained attention)

Question 6

the ability to limit attention to a subset of possible sensory inputs

Answer 6

orienting

(selective attention, divided attention)

Question 7

the ability to prioritize attention in the context of competing demands

Answer 7

executive attention

(conflict monitoring, attention switching)

Question 8

ADHD was first introduced to the DSM III as

Answer 8

ADD

Question 9

a diagnosis of ADHD requires symptoms of […] and […]

Answer 9

inattention
hyperactivity/impulsivity

(six symptoms within six months that have direct negative impacts on social/occupational functioning)

Question 10

diagnostic criteria requires ADHD symptoms present before age

Answer 10

12

Question 11

subtype: both inattention and hyperactivity/ impulsivity criteria are met

Answer 11

combined presentation

Question 12

subtype: inattention criteria are met; hyperactivity/ impulsivity criteria are not met

Answer 12

predominantly inattentive presentation

Question 13

subtype: inattention criteria are not met; hyperactivity/ impulsivity criteria are met

Answer 13

predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation

Question 14

[boys/girls] are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD

Answer 14

boys

Question 15

diagnosis of ADHD in […] may require ancillary information

Answer 15

adults

(family members, academic documentation, etc)

Question 16

way to differentiate ADHD from other psychiatric disorders like anxiety, OCD, etc

Answer 16

ADHD must have long history, back to childhood

Question 17

ADHD is correlated with high incidence of lifetime diagnosis of [4]

Answer 17

anxiety disorders
MDD
antisocial personality disorder
alcohol/drug dependencies

Question 18

activity of the Default Mode Network is found to […] in activity during attention-demanding tasks in ADHD

Answer 18

decrease

Question 19

neurotransmitters implicated in ADHD

Answer 19

dopamine
NE

Question 20

structures implicated in ADHD [4]

Answer 20

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
cingulate
caudate
putamen

(he referred to cingulate + caudate + putamen as frontostriatal circuit)

Question 21

stimulant medications for ADHD [2]

Answer 21

methylphenidate
amphetamine

Question 22

non-stimulant medications for ADHD [4]

Answer 22

atomoxetine
bupropion
guanfacine
clonidine

Question 23

first choice medication for ADHD in children

Answer 23

methylphenidate

Question 24

first choice medication for ADHD in adults

Answer 24

amphetamines

Question 25

aspects of CBT that can be helpful in ADHD [4]

Answer 25

psychoeducation and organization/planning problem solving skills managing distractibility relapse prevention

Question 26

the inability to engage in leisure activities quietly and difficulty waiting one's turn are examples of

Answer 26

hyperactivity/impulsivity

Question 27

losing things, trouble organizing, and task avoidance are examples of

Answer 27

inattention

Question 28

the number of symptoms required to diagnose a subtype of ADHD is

Answer 28

6 (out of 9)

Question 29

[...]% of children with ADHD have another mental, emotional, or behavioral condition

Answer 29

60

Question 30

when diagnosing adults, [...] can be unreliable so ancillary information is used

Answer 30

retrospective recall

Question 31

adderall and vyvanse are

Answer 31

amphetamines

Question 32

ritalin and concerta are

Answer 32

methylphenidate

Question 33

what attention system is responsible for achieving and maintaining alertness?

Answer 33

alerting

Question 34

what attention system helps in preparing the mind for processing incoming stimuli?

Answer 34

alerting

Question 35

what attention system is responsible for directing attention to specific locations in the brain?

Answer 35

orienting

Question 36

what attention system helps in selecting information from sensory inputs?

Answer 36

orienting

Question 37

what attention system is responsible for controlling and regulating cognitive processes?

Answer 37

executive

Question 38

what attention system helps in high cognitive functions such as goal setting, planning, and decision making?

Answer 38

executive

Question 39

what attention system is composed of the brainstem and subcortical structures?

Answer 39

alerting

Question 40

what attention system is composed of the neocortex, particularly the **parietal** lobe?

Answer 40

orienting

Question 41

what attention system is composed of the neocortex, particularly the **frontal** lobe?

Answer 41

executive

Question 42

involves interacting brain regions that are active when a person is not focused on the outside world

Answer 42

default mode network (DMN)

Question 43

engagement and disengagement from the [...] is impaired in ADHD

Answer 43

default mode network

Question 44

like all neuropsych disorders, symptoms must interfere with [...] functioning to be diagnosed

Answer 44

social/occupational

Question 45

implicated in working memory and complex attention

Answer 45

DLPFC

Question 46

to meet criteria for diagnosis, symptoms of ADHD must be present in [...] setting

Answer 46

more than one

Question 47

what disorders should be ruled out in the diagnosis of ADHD [4]

Answer 47

anxiety disoder conduct disorder MDD oppositional defiant disorder

Question 48

what combination of therapies is most effective in treating ADHD

Answer 48

psychostimulants + behavioral treatments

Question 49

symptoms must be present before the age of

Answer 49

12

Question 50

albuterol can [...] symptoms of ADHD

Answer 50

exacerbate

Question 51

comorbid [...] disorders can co-exist with ADHD

Answer 51

anxiety

Question 52

most prominent demographic factor associated with ADHD diagnosis

Answer 52

sex (males more likely to be diagnosed than females)