B7

Question 1

Habitat

Answer 1

Place where an organism lives

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

All the organisms of one species living in a habitat

Question 3

Community

Answer 3

The populations of different species living in a habitat

Question 4

Ecosystem

Answer 4

The interaction of a community of living organisms with the non-living parts of their environment

Question 5

Why do organisms compete

Answer 5

To survive and reproduce

Question 6

What do plants compete for

Answer 6

Light
Space
Water
Mineral ions from the soil

Question 7

What do animals compete for

Answer 7

Territory
Food
Water
Mates

Question 8

Interdépendance

Answer 8

Species depend on other species for food, shelter,pollination and seed dispersal

Question 9

What is a stable community

Answer 9

When all the species and environmental factors are in balance so the population sizes are roughly constant

Question 10

What happens if factors in an ecosystem changes

Answer 10

Affects the size of populations in a community which can have knock on effects because of interdépendance

Question 11

Abiotic factors and examples

Answer 11

Non living factors
Light intensity
Temperature
CO2 levels

Question 12

How to biotic and abiotic factors change the environment

Answer 12

Abiotic - increase or decrease
Biotic - introduction of a new biotic factor

Question 13

Biotic factor and examples

Answer 13

Living factors
New predators
Competition
New pathogens

Question 14

What do adaptation allow organisms to do

Answer 14

Survive and live in different conditions

Question 15

What is a structural adaptation

Answer 15

Features of an organisms body structure

Question 16

Behavioural adaptation

Answer 16

The way an organism behaves

Question 17

Functional adaptation

Answer 17

Things that go on inside an organisms body that can be related to processes like reproduction or metabolism

Question 18

Extremophiles

Answer 18

Adapted to live in very extreme conditions

Question 19

Food chains

Answer 19

Shows what is eaten by what in an ecosystem

Question 20

What does a food chain start with

Answer 20

Producer that make their own food from sun energy by making glucose by photosynthesis

Question 21

What is transferred when organisms in a food chain eat each other

Answer 21

Energy

Question 22

What is the order in the food chain

Answer 22

Producer
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
Tertiary consumers

Question 23

Predators

Answer 23

Consumers that hunt and kill other animals

Question 24

Prey

Answer 24

Who predators eat

Question 25

Why are predators prey cycles always out of phase

Answer 25

It takes a while for one population to respond

Question 26

What is a quadrat used for

Answer 26

To compare how common an organism is

Question 27

How are quadrats used

Answer 27

1) place quadrats on the ground with random coordinates 2) count for organisms in the quadrat 3)multiply to get the amount of organisms in the whole area

Question 28

What are transects for

Answer 28

To find out how organisms are distributed across an area that changes

Question 29

How are transects used

Answer 29

1) place tape measure in a line across an area 2) collect the data across the line (organisms that touch the line/quadrats) at intervals 3) repeat with another line parallel to it 4) calculate the mean for each interval

Question 30

Water cycle

Answer 30

1) sun energy evaporates water from the land, sea and plants (transpiration) turning it into water vapour 2) warm water vapour rises, cools condenses and forms clouds 3) water falls from clouds as precipitation providing fresh water for plants and animals 4) some water is absorbed by the soil, taken up by plant roots and used for photosynthesis or plant tissues 5) animals use it for chemical reactions and return it to the soil through excretion 6)some water will run off into streams and rivers 7) the water drains back into the sea and the process repeats

Question 31

Carbon cycle

Answer 31

1) co2 removed from atmosphère by green plants and algae through photosynthesis. Carbon used to make glucose which build the tissues 2) when they respire carbon is returned 3) animals eat the plants so carbon transfers to them and moves through the food chain 4) animals respire and carbon is returned 5) when they die microorganisms feed on the remains and respire to return carbon 6)animals produce waste which is broken down my microorganisms 7)combustion releases co2 8) carbon is constantly being cycled

Question 32

How does co2 and methane cause climate change

Answer 32

Act as an insulating layer once in the atmosphere They absorb energy and heat from the sun and radiate it back to earth instead of space Planet temp increases

Question 33

Biodiversity

Answer 33

Variety of different species of organisms within an ecosystem

Question 34

What reduces biodiversity

Answer 34

Waste production Deforestation Global warming

Question 35

Pros of High biodiversity

Answer 35

Makes ecosystem stable because of interdépendance Maintains right physical environment

Question 36

How does the increasing population affect the earth

Answer 36

Pressure on the environment as we take resources to survive

Question 37

How does demanding a higher standard of living affect the earth

Answer 37

Use more raw materials and energy for manufacturing Run out of raw materials as they are used quicker than replaced

Question 38

Waste

Answer 38

Causes harmful pollution without proper disposal and reduces biodiversity

Question 39

Water waste

Answer 39

Sewage and toxic chemicals from industry can pollute water affecting plants and animals that rely on them Chemicals used on lan (fertilisers) can be washed into water

Question 40

Land waste

Answer 40

Toxic chemicals for farming (pesticides) Bury toxic waste underground and household waste in landfill sites

Question 41

Air waste

Answer 41

Smoke and acidic gases released into the atmosphere can pollute the air

Question 42

What does sulfur dioxide cause

Answer 42

Acid rain

Question 43

Higher temperature affects

Answer 43

Ice melts, sea water rises, flooding low lying places and loss of habitats

Question 44

Species distributions changes causes

Answer 44

Temp increases and rainfall patterns changes Increase in species that need warmer conditions Decrease in species that need colder conditions

Question 45

Migration pattern changes causes

Answer 45

Animals Migrate to warmer/colder places as the temp changes

Question 46

Biodiversity effects from global warming

Answer 46

Reduces if species are unable to survive the change in climate

Question 47

Reasons for land use

Answer 47

Building quarrying Farming Dumping waste

Question 48

Deforestation

Answer 48

Cutting down forests to clear land for cattle, crops, logging

Question 49

How is less co2 taken in caused by deforestation

Answer 49

Amount of co2 removed via photosynthesis is reduced as their are less trees

Question 50

How is more co2 in atmosphere caused by deforestation

Answer 50

Released when trees are burnt to clear land Microorganisms feed on dead wood and releases co2 as a waste product of respiration

Question 51

How is less biodiversity caused by deforestation

Answer 51

Forests contain huge number of species and when destroyed the species are in danger of extinction and biodiversity is reduced

Question 52

Peatbog

Answer 52

Acidic land that is waterlogged Plants that don’t fully decay as there’s not enough oxygen build up to form peat Carbon in plants are stored in peat

Question 53

Why are peatbogs drained

Answer 53

Used as farmland Cut up and dried to burn as fuel Compost for gardeners

Question 54

Problems with draining peat bogs

Answer 54

Microorganisms decompose it which respire and release co2 CO2 released when burned Destroys habitats and reduces biodiversity

Question 55

Programmes to protect ecosystems

Answer 55

Helps minimise damage by human activities to ecosystems and biodiversity

Question 56

Name 2 programmes that protect the ecosystems

Answer 56

Breeding programmes Prevents endangered species going extinct Bred in captivity then individuals are released to reestablish to population Government regulations and programmes Reduce deforestation Reduce co2 released by businesses Reduces global warming

Question 57

Two problems with maintaining biodiversity

Answer 57

Costs money Government pays farmers to reintroduce hedgerows Money might be prioritised for something else Development Land in high demand Untouched land with high biodiversity used for development (housing and agriculture)