B7 HORMONES

Question 1

Hormone

Answer 1

A chemical messenger that changes the way a part of the body works

Question 2

Important hormones

Answer 2

Insulin 
Glucagon 
Adrenalin 
Oestrogen 
Progesterone 
Testosterone 
Thyroxine 
LH
FSH
ACTB
Growth hormone

Question 3

Endocrine

Answer 3

Parts of the body that produce hormones

Question 4

Important endocrine glands

Answer 4

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas

Adrenal glands , ovaries and testes

Question 5

Target organ

Answer 5

The part of the body affected by a hormone

Question 6

Sex hormones

Answer 6

Women - oestrogen and progesterone

Men-testosterone

Question 7

Metabolic rate

Answer 7

The rate at which the bod uses the energy stored in food

Question 8

Thyroxine

Answer 8

Role- to control your metabolic rate

Endocrine gland- thyroid gland

Target organ- most of the body

Question 9

Negative feedback

Answer 9

The way the body responds to high levels of something by bringing them down and low levels by bringing them up

Question 10

Negative feedback and the metabolic

Rate

Answer 10

1) low levels of thyroxine stimulates production of a TRH in hypothalamus
2) this causes the release of TSH from pituitary gland
3) TSH causes the thyroid to produce thyroxine

4)normal levels of thyroxine inhibits
The release of TRH and the production of TSH

Question 11

Adrenaline

Answer 11

Role is to prepare the body for fight or flight

Endocrine gland : adrenal glands

Target organ
Hearts beats faster and stronger, blood vessels going to muscles get wider, blood vessels going to organ get narrower , liver releases glucose

Question 12

Menstrual cycles

Answer 12

A roughly 28 day cycle that prepares a woman’s body for pregnancy

Question 13

Ovulation

Answer 13

The release of an egg cell by an ovary

Question 14

Fertilisation

Answer 14

When a sperm cell fuses with an egg to form a zygote

Question 15

Days 1-5

Answer 15

Menstruation: the lining of the uterus breaks down and leaves the body through the vagina

Question 16

Days 6-12

Answer 16

The uterus lining begins to thicken again

Question 17

Days 13-15

Answer 17

Ovation happens

Question 18

Days 16-28

Answer 18

The uterus lining continues to thicken and would be able to accept an embryro if fertilisation happens

Question 19

Control of the cycle

Answer 19

The menstrual cycle is controlled by the sex hormones : oestrogen
And progesterone

Question 20

Egg foilie

Answer 20

A layer of tissue surrounding each of the immature eggs in the ovaries

Question 21

Oestrogen

Answer 21

Causes the release of FSH and the thickening of the uterus lining
High oestrogen levels cause LH release

Question 22

FSH

Answer 22

Causes one foilicle to develop and mature the egg cell within it

Question 23

LH

Answer 23

Causes ovulation when the egg is released from the foilicle

Question 24

Corpus

Luteum

Answer 24

The foilicle becomes a corpus luteum after ovulation and releases progesterone it breaks down over two weeks

Question 25

Progesterone

Answer 25

Maintains the thickness of the uterus lining inhibits FSH release Falling progesterone levels trigger ovulation

Question 26

Contraception

Answer 26

Preventing sexual intercourse from leading to fertilisation and pregnancy

Question 27

Condom

Answer 27

Worn on the penis they prevent sperm from entering the vagina Also prevents STDS

Question 28

Diaphragm or cap

Answer 28

Placed over the cervix at the top of the vagina prevent sperm entering uterus do not prevent STDS

Question 29

Contraceptive pill/ implant

Answer 29

Uses hormones to prevent ovulation. Does not prevent STDS

Question 30

Assisted reproductive technology | ART

Answer 30

Using hormones and other methods to increase the chance of pregnancy

Question 31

Clomifene therapy

Answer 31

Clomifene increases the levels of FSH and LH to make egg successful ovulation more likely

Question 32

In vitro fertilisation | IVF

Answer 32

Sperm is extracted from a man and eggs from a women | The eggs are fertilised in a laboratory and one or more is placed into the uterus

Question 33

Homeostasis

Answer 33

Maintaining constant conditions in the body such as temperature or blood glucose concentration

Question 34

Blood glucose concentration

Answer 34

``` The concentration (amount) of glucose in the blood Both too high and too low are dangerous ```

Question 35

Glycogen

Answer 35

A stored from of glucose made by joining glucose molecules together in long chains

Question 36

Insulin

Answer 36

Role is to produce blood glucose concentration endocrine gland - pancreas Target organ - liver and muscles which convert glucose into glycogen

Question 37

Glucagon

Answer 37

Role is to increase blood glucose concentration Endocrine gland - pancreas Target organ - liver and muscles which convert glycogen back into glucose

Question 38

Diabetes

Answer 38

A disease in which the body cannot quickly reduce blood glucose concentrations after eating

Question 39

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 39

Diabetes caused when a persons pancreas can’t produce insulin

Question 40

Treating type 1 diabetes

Answer 40

Insulin injections

Question 41

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 41

Diabetes caused when a person does not produce enough insulin or stops responding to insulin

Question 42

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes

Answer 42

Obesity and inactivity (lack of exercise)

Question 43

Treating type 2 diabetes

Answer 43

Low sugar diet, increased exercise | Medication to make the body more sensitive to insulin

Question 44

Measuring obesity

Answer 44

Body mass index above 30: BMI = mass in kg / height in metre^2 High waist: hip ratio Waist :hip ratio = waist /hip