B7. Human nutrition

Question 1

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 1

A balanced diet contains all essential nutrients in correct proportions for health.

Question 2

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

They provide energy.

Question 3

What is the function of proteins?

Answer 3

growth and repair

Question 4

What is the function of fats?

Answer 4

They provide and store energy

Question 5

What is the role of vitamin C?

Answer 5

Maintains healthy skin and gums

Question 6

What is the role of vitamin D?

Answer 6

Helps in calcium absorption and maintaining strong/healthy bones and teeth.

Question 7

What is the role of calcium?

Answer 7

It is essential for strong bones and teeth.

Question 8

What is the role of iron?

Answer 8

The production of haemoglobin for red blood cells

Question 9

What is the of fibre?

Answer 9

It helps in the movement of food through the digestive system.

Question 10

What is the importance of water in the diet?

Answer 10

It is needed for chemical reactions

Question 11

What is malnutrition?

Answer 11

A condition caused by an unbalanced diet

Question 12

What deficiency disease is caused by lack of vitamin C?

Answer 12

Scurvy.

Question 13

What deficiency disease is caused by lack of vitamin D or calcium?

Answer 13

Rickets.

Question 14

What condition is caused by lack of iron?

Answer 14

Anaemia.

Question 15

What condition is caused by lack of protein in the diet?

Answer 15

Kwashiorkor.

Question 16

What is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 16

To break down large food molecules into small molecules that can be absorbed.

Question 17

What is ingestion?

Answer 17

The process of taking food into the body through the mouth.

Question 18

What is digestion?

Answer 18

Breaking down food into nutrients

Question 19

What is absorption?

Answer 19

The movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the small intestine into the blood.

Question 20

What is assimilation?

Answer 20

The movement of digested food molecule into the cells of the body where they are needed

Question 21

What is egestion?

Answer 21

The removal of undigested food

Question 22

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 22

The physical breakdown of food

Question 23

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 23

The breakdown of food molecules using enzymes.

Question 24

What is the function of the mouth in digestion?

Answer 24

Chewing breaks food into smaller pieces and saliva contains amylase to start starch digestion.

Question 25

What is the function of the oesophagus?

Answer 25

Transports food from the mouth to the stomach via peristalsis.

Question 26

What is the function of the stomach?

Answer 26

Secretes acid and protease to begin protein digestion; churns food.

Question 27

What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

Answer 27

It provides the acidic pH for protease to work and kills bacteria.

Question 28

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 28

Completes digestion and absorbs digested food molecules into the blood.

Question 29

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 29

Absorbs water from undigested food to form faeces.

Question 30

What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?

Answer 30

It produces amylase

Question 31

What is the role of the liver in digestion?

Answer 31

It produces bile which emulsifies fats and neutralises stomach acid.

Question 32

What is the role of the gallbladder?

Answer 32

It stores bile and releases it into the small intestine.

Question 33

What is emulsification?

Answer 33

The breakdown of large fat droplets into smaller ones to increase surface area for lipase action.

Question 34

What does amylase do?

Answer 34

It breaks down starch into simple reducing sugars.

Question 35

What does protease do?

Answer 35

It breaks down proteins into amino acids.

Question 36

What does lipase do?

Answer 36

It breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 37

What does the salivary glands produce?

Answer 37

Saliva which contains amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into simple reducing sugars.

Question 38

Where does most absorption of nutrients take place?

Answer 38

In the small intestine (specifically the ileum).

Question 39

What are villi?

Answer 39

Finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.

Question 40

How are villi adapted for absorption?

Answer 40

They have thin walls

Question 41

What is absorbed into the capillaries in villi?

Answer 41

Glucose

Question 42

What parts does the small intestine consist of?

Answer 42

duodenum ileum

Question 43

What parts doe the large intestine consist of?

Answer 43

colon rectum

Question 44

What is the main function fo the liver?

Answer 44

The production of bile, which is important for the digestion of fat.

Question 45

Where is bile stored in the body?

Answer 45

Bile is stored in the gall bladder before being released through the bile duct into the duodenum.

Question 46

What is the main function fo the pancreas?

Answer 46

The pancreas secrets pancreatic juice which helps with the chemical digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. It is alkaline as it contains a high concentration of hydrogencarbonate ions. This helps to neutralise acid in food leaving the stomach

Question 47

Why is physical digestion important for chemical digestion?

Answer 47

It increases the surface area to volume ratio, creating more space for catalysts or enzymes to break food down further through chemical digestion.

Question 48

Where is amylase secreted, and where does it act?

Answer 48

secreted in the salivary glands and pancreas and acts in the mouth and small intestine

Question 49

Where is protease secreted, and where does it act?

Answer 49

Secreted in the stomach and small intestine and it acts in the stomach and small intestine.

Question 50

Where is lipase secreted, and where does it act?

Answer 50

Secreted in the pancreas and it acts in the small intestine

Question 51

What is gastric juice?

Answer 51

An mixture secreted in the stomach, it contains hydrochloric acid and which gives it a strongly acidic pH.

Question 52

What is the effect of the high pH in gastric juice?

Answer 52

it provides a pH needed for the enzymes there to work It kills bacteria in food