B9. Transport in animals

Question 2

What does the circulatory system consist of?

Answer 2

a pump (heart)
blood vessels
valves

Question 3

What are valves for?

Answer 3

To ensure one way flow of the blod

Question 4

How many litres of blood are continually pumped around the body by the human heart?

Answer 4

5 litres

Question 5

On average how many times does the heart beat a day?

Answer 5

115,000

Question 6

How much blood does the heart pump every day?

Answer 6

over 7000 litres

Question 7

What are the atria?

Answer 7

the upper chambers in the heart

Question 8

What are the ventricles?

Answer 8

The lower chambers in the heart

Question 9

What is the heart made out of?

Answer 9

muscle, the septum is cardiac muscle

Question 10

What are the 3 ways you can measure heart rate?

Answer 10

electrocardiogram
sound of valves closing
determining pulse rate

Question 11

What blood vessels are there?

Answer 11

artery
veins
capillaries

Question 12

Do arteries have a small lumen?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

Do veins have a small lumen?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

do capillaries have a small lumen?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

What do arteries carry?

Answer 15

oxygenated blood (exception for the pulmonary artery)

Question 16

What do veins carry?

Answer 16

unoxygenated blood (exception for the pulmonary veins)

Question 17

Is there high pressure in the arteries?

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

Is there high pressure in the veins?

Answer 18

no

Question 19

What is the structure of the capillaries?

Answer 19

small lumen
one cell thick wall
only wide enough for blood cells to squeeze through single file

Question 20

What is the wall of an artery and a vein made out of?

Answer 20

muscle and elastic fibre

Question 21

What does blood consist of?

Answer 21

1) plasma
2) red blood cells
3) white blood cells
4) platelets

Question 22

What is plasma?

Answer 22

watery fluid which transports blood cells, ions, soluble nutrients, hormones and carbon dioxide in the blood.

Question 23

What are platelets?

Answer 23

platelets are fragments of cells that are involved in clotting if the skin breaks, to prevent pathogens form entering the body.

Question 24

What is the structure of red blood cells?

Answer 24

biconcave
no nucleus to make space for haemoglobin

Question 25

Why are red blood cells biconcave?

Answer 25

for more surface area to diffuse oxygen faster so they can squeeze through capillaries

Question 26

What is haemoblogin?

Answer 26

haemoglobin is a protein which combines with oxygen when levels are low and releases it when levels are high.

Question 27

Explain the structure of a white blood cell

Answer 27

almost colorless large nucleus

Question 28

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 28

they ingest and destroy pathogens (phagocytosis) or they produce antibodies

Question 29

What is coronary heart disease

Answer 29

when their is a blockage in your coronary arteries.

Question 30

What are coronary arteries?

Answer 30

they are arteries which wraps round the outside of the heart

Question 31

What do coronary arteries do?

Answer 31

They supply oxygen and nutrients to the muscular wall of the heart so it can produce enough energy to keep pumping

Question 32

What are the risk factors of coronary heart disease?

Answer 32

age diet genetic predisposition gender smoking stress