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RDS Test 1 > B8-002 Development of Reproductive System > Flashcards

B8-002 Development of Reproductive System Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

germ cells arise in week 2 from the

A

epiblasts

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2
Q

primordial germ cells migrate to the […] in weeks 3 and 4

A

yolk sac

(this keeps them separate from everything else as it is differentiating)

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3
Q

44 XO

A

Turner syndrome

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4
Q

47 XXX

A

triple X syndrome

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5
Q

45 YO

A

lethal

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6
Q

47 XXY

A

klinefelters

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7
Q

tall
normal puberty/fertility
may have lower IQ
increased risk of psychotic disorders

A

triple X syndrome

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8
Q

short stature
widely spaced nipples
cardiac abnormalities
primary hypogonadism

A

turner syndrome

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9
Q

micropenis
cryptorchidism
gynecomastia
small testes
primary hypogonadism

A

klinefelter’s

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10
Q

tall
puberty/fertility normal
lower IQ
increased risk of hyperactivity/autism disorders/acne

A

jacob syndrome

doubleY syndrome

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11
Q

gene important for sex differentiation

responsible for tests determining factor (TDF)

A

SRY gene

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12
Q

SRY gene results in […] phenotype

A

male

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13
Q

[…] duct gives rise to internal male genitalia

A

mesonepheric

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14
Q

[…] duct gives rise to internal female genitalia

A

paramesonepheric

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15
Q

leydig cells and thecal cells arise from

A

intermediate mesoderm

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16
Q

sertoli cells and follicle cells arise from

A

coelomic epithelium

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17
Q

presence of SRY gene activates […] and […] cells and ultimately leads to the formation of male external genitalia

A

leydig (mesonepheric ducts persist)
sertoli (paramesonepheric ducts degenerate)

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18
Q

absence of SRY gene activates […] and […] cells and ultimately leads to the formation of female external genitalia

A

thecal (mesonepheric duct degenerates)
follical (paramesonepheric persists)

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19
Q

when SRY is present, leydig cells produce […] which allows for mesonepheric duct to persist

A

testosterone

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20
Q

when SRY is present, sertoli cells produce […] which allows for paramesonepheric duct to degenerate

A

AMH

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21
Q

if SRY is present, but not enough AMH is produced, what will be the result?

A

male external genitalia
both male and female internal genitalia

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22
Q

if SRY is present, a 5a-reductase deficiency will result in

A

male internal genitalia
female or ambiguous external genitalia until puberty

(inability to convert testosterone to DHT)

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23
Q

female and male gonad development occurs during week

A

5

(indifferent stage)

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24
Q

in the absence of SRY, the coelomic epithelium will form [2]

A

primordial follicles
granulosa cells

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25
in the absence of SRY, the intermediate mesoderm will form
thecal cells
26
in the presence of SRY, the coelomic epithelium will form [2]
seminiferous cords sertoli cells
27
in the presence of SRY, the intermediate mesoderm will form [2]
leydig cells tunica albuginea
28
gonads form on the [...], then descend into the pelvis
posterior abdominal wall
29
differentiation of the male duct system occurs during week [...]
6-7
30
sertoli cells secrete AMH, causing degeneration of the [...] duct
paramesonephric
31
leydig cells secrete testosterone allowing for retention of the [...] duct
mesonephric
32
mesonephric duct is remodeled into [4]
seminal vesicle epididymis ejaculatory duct ductus deferens | SEED
33
appendix testis and prostatic utricle are remnants of
paramesonephric duct
34
the top part of the paramesonepheric duct gives rise to the
fallopian tube
35
the bottom part of the paramesonepheric duct gives rise to the [...] primordium
uterovaginal primordium
36
uterovaginal primordium projects to the [...] which produces the sinus tubercle
urogenital sinus (bladder)
37
form on the anterior lateral vagina usually asymptomatic remnant of mesonepheric duct
gartner's cyst
38
sinus tubercle induces the formation of [...], future hymen
sinovaginal bulbs
39
fuse to form the vaginal plate
sinovaginal bulbs
40
vaginal plate endoderm proliferates and cannulates, forming the
vagina
41
distal vagina and hymen arise from what germ layer?
endoderm
42
proximal vagina and uterus arise from [...] duct
paramesonepheric ducts
43
no fusion of paramesonepheric ducts results in
uterus didelphys with double vagina
44
some fusion, but lack of complete fusion of the paramesonepheric ducts results in [2]
uterus arcuatus uterus bicornis (more severe septum)
45
1 of the paramesonepheric ducts did not fuse and/or it atrophied
uterus bicornis unicollis
46
if the caudal end of paramesonepheric ducts atrophys, what is the result?
cervical atresia
47
problem with sinovaginal bulbs/endoderm results in
vaginal atresia
48
[...] grows toward the cloacal membrane and divides it, forming the perineal body (central tendon)
urorectal septum
49
rectoprostatic urethral fistula rectourethral fistual rectocloacal canal rectovaginal fistula are all complication that can result from
abnormal migration of the urorectal septum
50
allantois turns into [...], which turns into [...] in adults
urachus median umbilical ligament
51
urine coming out of umbilicus indicates
urachal fistula
52
if you have BPH and have a lot of urinary pressure in the bladder, this allantois abnormality can reopen
urachal sinus
53
allantois abnormality that is usually asymptomatic, often found postmortem
urachal cyst
54
bladder is derived from
hindgut endoderm
55
ureters are derived from
mesonephric and metanephric ducts (**mesoderm**)
56
trigone is derived from
mesoderm via mesonepheric duct
57
detrusor muscle arises from
mesoderm
58
the prostate is largely derived from
endoderm (smooth muscle and connective tissue from splanchic mesoderm)
59
the bulbourethral gland is largely derived from
endoderm (smooth muscle and connective tissue from splanchic mesoderm)
60
vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct arise from what germ layer?
mesoderm
61
problem with mesoderm and cloacal membrane causing defect closure of the bladder wall
exstrophy of bladder (she specifically said to know it is a problem with **mesoderm** and **cloacal membrane**)
62
epispadias is caused by improper location of the [...] and migration of the [...] caudal to the cloacal membrane
genital tubercles mesoderm
63
opening of urethra on dorsum of penis
epispadias
64
differentiation of external genitalia due to appropriate hormone influence occurs during week
9
65
formation of external genitalia is usually complete by week
12 (on embryonic calendar. on obstetric calendar this would be week 14)
66
genital tubercle gives rise to [...] in male
glans penis
67
genital tubercle gives rise to [...] in females
clitoris
68
urethral (urogenital) folds gives rise to [...] in females
frenulum of labia minora
69
urethral (urogenital) folds gives rise to [...] in males [3]
lateral walls of urethra spongy urethra penile raphe
70
labioscrotal swellings gives rise to [...] in females [2]
labium majus mons pubis
71
labioscrotal swellings gives rise to [...] in males
scrotum
72
spongy urethra and [...] need to align to complete the formation of the spongy urethra
navicular fossa (endoderm and ectoderm come together) | navicular fossa = opening of glans penis
73
urethral opening on ventral penis
hypospadias
74
what is the cause of hypospadias
urethral (urogenital) folds did not come together properly, left an opening
75
penoscrotal hypospadias is due to an issue with what structure?
labioscrotal swellings
76
cranial part of the gubernaculum in females gives rise to
ovarian ligament
77
structure that helps ovary/testicle descend from the posterior abdominal wall
gubernaculum
78
caudal part of the gubernaculum in females gives rise to
round ligament
79
fusion of the paramesonephric ducts along the peritoneal fold in females forms the
broad ligament
80
ligament that separates the pelvic cavity into the rectouterine pouch and vesico-uterine pouch
broad ligament
81
gives rise to the proximal 1/3 of the vagina
paramesonepheric duct
82
gives rise to distal 2/3 of the vagina
urogenital sinus
83
in females, the mesonepheric duct [...] and paramesonepheric duct [...]
in females, the mesonepheric duct degenerates and paramesonepheric duct develops
84
[...] gene on Y chromosome produces testis determining factor --> testes development
SRY
85
sertoli cells secrete [...] that suppresses development of the paramesonepheric ducts
AMH
86
male remnant of the paramesonepheric duct
appendix testis
87
in females, the paramesonepheric duct develops into what structures? [3]
fallopian tubes uterus proximal vagina
88
in males, the mesonepheric duct develops into what structures? [4]
Seminal vesicles Epididymis Ejaculatory duct Ductus deferens SEED
89
female remnant of the mesonepheric duct is
gartner duct
90
during sexual differentiation, absence of sertoli cells or lack of AMH would cause the development of
both male and female internal genitalia male external genitalia
91
during sexual differentiation, 5a-reductase deficiency would cause the development of
male internal genitalia atypical external genitalia until puberty due to inability to convert T to DHT
92
incomplete fusion of the Mullerian ducts causes [...] uterus
bicornuate
93
complete failure of fusion of the Mullerian ducts causes [...]
uterus didelphy double uterus, cervix, and vagina
94
incomplete resorption of the uterine septum causes
septate uterus
95
the urogenital sinus gives rise to [5]
bladder allantois bulbourethral glands prostate urethra
96
the paramesonepheric ducts give rise to [3]
uterine tubes uterus cervix
97
sinus tubercle --> sinovaginal bulb forms the [...]
vagina

RDS Test 1 (23 decks)

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