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RDS Test 1 > B8-005 Pelvis and Perineum > Flashcards

B8-005 Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

best way to differentiate male vs female bony pelvis

A

angle of pelvic arch
male: narrow (peace sign)
female: wider (thumb and index)

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2
Q

ligament of the SI joint that helps in transferring weight and keeps the sacrum and ilium snug together

A

interosseous sacro-iliac ligament

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3
Q

fibrocartilage disc joining the pelvic ring

A

pubic symphysis

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4
Q

anterior inferior wall of the pelvic cavity [2]

A

pubic bones
pubic symphysis

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5
Q

lateral wall of the pelvic cavity [2]

A

obturator foramen
obturator internus and fascia

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6
Q

posterior wall of the pelvic cavity [3]

A

sacrum
piriformis
sacral plexus (S1-2)

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7
Q

muscles making up the pelvic floor (diaphragm) [2]

A

coccygeus
levator ani

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8
Q

3 muscles that make up levator ani

A

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus

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9
Q

major support for pelvic viscera

A

pelvic floor- always contracted

(weakness causes organ prolapse)

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10
Q

muscle of pelvic floor that helps maintain fecal continence

A

puborectalis

(sling between rectum and anus)

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11
Q

the […] of levator ani provides major support for abdominal organs

A

tendinous arch

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12
Q

the […] muscle of the bladder is under autonomic control

A

detrusor

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13
Q

in males, the […] is directly inferior to the bladder

A

prostate

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14
Q

if the bladder ruptures superiorly, where will the fluid go?

A

into abdominal cavity —> rectovesical pouch

(or recto-uterine pouch in females)

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15
Q

if the bladder ruptures inferiorly, where will the fluid go?

A

into the perineum

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16
Q

the [male/female] external urethral sphincter is more like a tube/trough that extends vertical to the trunk of the bladder

A

male

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17
Q

the [male/female] external urethral sphincter has 3 sections

A

female

external urethral sphincter
compressor urethrae
urethrovaginal sphincter

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18
Q

what spinal level is the rectosigmoid junction located at?

A

S3

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19
Q

where are feces stored?

A

rectal ampulla

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20
Q

above the pectinate line, the rectum was formed from what germinal layer?

A

endoderm

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21
Q

below the pectinate line, the rectum was formed from what germinal layer?

A

ectoderm

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22
Q

where does blood supply to the rectum stem from above the pectinate line?

A

IMA via superior rectal a.

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23
Q

where does blood supply to the rectum stem from below the pectinate line?

A

internal pudendal via inferior rectal a.

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24
Q

where do the lymphatics drain to from the rectum above the pectinate line?

A

internal iliac nodes

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25
where do the lymphatics drain to from the rectum below the pectinate line?
superficial inguinal nodes
26
nerve supply above the pectinate line of the rectum is [autonomic/somatic]
autonomic
27
nerve supply below the pectinate line of the rectum is [somatic/autonomic]
somatic (pudendal n.)
28
internal anal sphincter is under [...] control
autonomic
29
external anal sphincter is under [...] control
voluntary (via inferior rectal n.)
30
what structure is located between the fascia of the obturator internus and muscle?
pudendal canal (contains pudendal nerve, inferior rectal arteries and veins)
31
main muscles of the pelvic floor torn during labor and delivery [2]
pubococcygeus puborectalis
32
bladder protruding into anterior wall of the vagina
cystocele
33
what structures of the pelvic floor lead to a cystocele when damaged? [4]
levator ani tendinous arch uterosacral ligament cardinal ligament (in order of most likely to be damaged)
34
rectum herniates into posterior vaginal wall
rectocele
35
what structures of the pelvic floor lead to a rectocele when damaged? [3]
perineal body (central tendon) perineal membrane transverse perineal muscles
36
intestinal contents pushing into vaginal wall
enterocele
37
what structures of the pelvic floor lead to a enterocele when damaged? [1]
levator ani
38
structures contained in the anal triangle of the perineum [3]
ischioanal fossa pudendal canal anal canal
39
structures contained in the urogenital triangle of the perineum [3]
urethra vagina (female) spaces
40
important structures contained in the ischioanal fossa
pudendal canal --> inferior rectal arteries large amount of adipose (allows for large abscess formation)
41
superficial pouch lies between what two structures?
perineal membrane superficial perineal fascia (Colles fascia)
42
fascia that is continuous with the fascia of the penis, darto's, and scarpa's fascia
Colles
43
deep pouch lies between what three structures?
levator ani obturator internus perineal membrane
44
the dorsal nerve/arteries of the clitoris/penis lie in which pouch?
deep
45
the bulbo-urethral glands lie in which pouch?
deep
46
the urethra lies in which pouch?
deep
47
the external urethral sphincter lies in which pouch?
deep
48
the anterior recess of the ischionanal fossa lies in which pouch?
deep
49
the bulb of the penis/vestibule is covered with [...] muscle
bulbospongiosus
50
the crus of the penis/clitoris is covered with [...] muscle
ischiocavernosus
51
the perineal branches of internal pudendal travel through the [...] pouch
superficial
52
the transverse perineal muscles travel through the [...] pouch
superficial
53
the crus of the penis/clitoris travel through the [...] pouch
superficial
54
the bulb of the penis/vestibule travel through the [...] pouch
superficial
55
parts of the male urethra [4]
intramural prostatic intermediate (membranous) spongy (penile)
56
the two crura become the [...] in the body of the penis
corpus cavernosa
57
what artery runs in the corpus cavernosa of the penis?
deep artery
58
corpus cavernosa is surrounded by
tunica albuginea
59
the corpus spongiosum contains the [...] urethra
spongy
60
all three erectile bodies are covered by [...] fascia
Buck's (deep fascia; continuous with colles)
61
what vessels/nerves are located on the dorsal side of the penis?
superficial dorsal vein Buck's fascia deep dorsal vein, dorsal artery, nerve
62
fracture of the superior pelvic rami endangers what structure in men?
ductus deferens
63
crosses the posterior pelvic brim at the ala of the sacrum
sympathetic chain
64
contains the inferior rectal nerves
ischiorectal fossa
65
part of the urethra located at the neck of the bladder and superior to the prostate
intramural
66
part of the urethra that passes through the deep perineal pouch
membranous
67
[male or female pelvis] oval shaped inlet
female
68
[male or female pelvis] larger pubic angle
female
69
[male or female pelvis] shorter, wider sacrum
female
70
[male or female pelvis] wider, shallower cavity
female
71
[male or female pelvis] lesser pubic angle
male
72
[male or female pelvis] narrower, deeper cavity
male
73
[male or female pelvis] narrower, longer sacrum
male
74
[male or female pelvis] smaller pelvic outlet
male
75
tearing of the pelvic floor during childbirth leads to partial paralysis of what muscle?
levator ani
76
a third degree vaginal tear could damage what structure of the rectum?
external anal sphincter
77
layers of spermatic cord and fascia derivatives
External spermatic fascia (external oblique) Cremasteric muscle/fascia (internal oblique) Internal spermatic fascia (trasversalis fascia) ICE tie
78
inguinal canal contents
round ligament (female) vas deferens (male) ilioinguinal nerve internal spermatic vessel
79
hernia medial to inferior epigastric vessels
direct MDs don't LIe
80
hernia lateral to inferior epigastric vessels
indirect MDs dont LIe
81
visceral innervation above the pectinate line comes from
lumbar splanchnics via inferior hypogastric plexus
82
lymphatics above the pectinate line drain into the
internal iliac lymph nodes
83
veins above the pectinate line drain into the [...] system
portal system
84
artery supplying rectum above pectinate line
superior rectal a.
85
somatic innervation below the pectinate line
pudendal nerve
86
artery supplying rectum below pectinate line
inferior rectal
87
veins below the pectinate line drain into the [...] system
caval system
88
lymphatics below the pectinate line drain into the
superficial inguinal nodes
89
where will urine collect following injury to the superior bladder?
intraperitoneal space (raises BUN and creatinine due to peritoneal absorption)
90
where will urine collect following injury to the anterior bladder wall or neck?
retropubic space (associated with pelvic fracture)
91
where will urine collect following injury to the anterior urethra? (usually due to straddle injury)
scrotum --> scrotal hematoma If Buck's fascia is torn, it will also go into superficial perineal space
92
where will urine collect following injury to the posterior urethra? (usually due to pelvic fracture)
retropubic space and deep perineal space
93
a high riding prostate may indicate injury to what part of the urethra?
posterior (usually due to pelvic fracture)
94
located in the lateral wall of the ischioanal fossa
pudendal canal
95
fat filled space on either side of the anal canal
ischioanal fossa
96
the root of the penis includes the crura, which is covered by the [...] muscle, and the bulb which is covered by the [...] muscle and located in the [...] pouch
crura - ischiocavernosus muscle bulb- bulbospongiosus muscle superficial

RDS Test 1 (23 decks)

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