B8-010 CBCL Male Infertility

Question 1

contains enzymes that allow sperm to enter egg

Answer 1

acrosome

Question 2

sperm maturation and storage occurs in the

Answer 2

epididymis

Question 3

sperm transport and ejaculation occurs in the

Answer 3

vas deferens

Question 4

adds secretions like proteins, sugars, and salts to the semen

Answer 4

seminal vesicle

Question 5

last stages of sperm maturation occurring in the female genital tract

Answer 5

capacitation

Question 6

if the semen analysis shows low volume, test for

Answer 6

obstructions
retrograde ejaculation

Question 7

if the semen analysis shows no sperm, the next best test is

Answer 7

testicular biopsy

Question 8

if the semen analysis shows abnormal morphology/function, the next best test is

Answer 8

hormonal tests

check for varicocele

Question 9

if the semen analysis is normal, the next best test is

Answer 9

advanced sperm tests (viability, penetration assay)

Question 10

low ejaculate volume

Answer 10

hypospermia

Question 11

increased amorphous sperm

Answer 11

teratospermia

Question 12

asthenozoospermia

Answer 12

low sperm motility

Question 13

<15 M sperm/ejaculate

Answer 13

oligospermia

Question 14

can measure total and different patterns of sperm motility in multiple spermatozoa simultaneously

Answer 14

CASA

(computer sperm analysis)

Question 15

if the total testosterone is low on initial testing…

Answer 15

repeat total and free T

Question 16

exogenous […] is a powerful male contraceptive

Answer 16

testosterone

(converted to estradiol via aromatase, estradiol inhibits GnRH)

Question 17

[…] leads to poor development of the vas deferens and obstructive infertility

Answer 17

cystic fibrosis

Question 18

images prostate, seminal vesicles, and vas deferens to rule out obstructive infertility

Answer 18

transrectal US

Question 19

imaging modality for varicocele, epididymal abnormalities, undescended testis

Answer 19

scrotal US

Question 20

presence indicates autoimmune infertility

Answer 20

anti-sperm antibodies

Question 21

when absent, indicates seminal vesicle issues or duct obstruction

Answer 21

seminal fructose

Question 22

dyes used to determine live/dead sperm

used when sperm mobility is less than 5%

Answer 22

sperm viability testing

Question 23

TUNEL assay for DNA fragmentation

Answer 23

sperm DNA testing

Question 24

hemizona assay

measures binding to isolated zona pellucida and then compared to normal

Answer 24

sperm-zona binding study

Question 25

measures sperm penetration in hamster oocytes freed of zona pellucida

Answer 25

sperm penetration testing

Question 26

XXY

Answer 26

klinefelter's syndrome

Question 27

genetic cause of infertility due to blockage/absence of vas deferens

Answer 27

cystic fibrosis

Question 28

genetic cause of infertility due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

Answer 28

Kallman syndrome

Question 29

genetic cause of infertility due to dysfunctional cilia/flagellum

Answer 29

kartagener's syndrome

Question 30

infections commonly causing infertility [3]

Answer 30

orquitus epididymitis STIs

Question 31

one of the most common causes of male infertility

Answer 31

varicocele

Question 32

dilation and tortuosity of the internal spermatic veins (pampiniform plexus) that drains the testis

Answer 32

varicocele

Question 33

most common symptom of varicocele is

Answer 33

infertility

Question 34

[what grade varicocele] subclinical, non-palpable only visualized on doppler

Answer 34

grade 0

Question 35

[what grade varicocele] palpable only during valsalva maneuver

Answer 35

grade 1

Question 36

[what grade varicocele] easily palpable in standing position, but not visible

Answer 36

grade 2

Question 37

[what grade varicocele] easily palpable and visbile

Answer 37

grade 3

Question 38

semen analysis of a patient with varicocele will show:

Answer 38

normal volume oligospermia teratospermia asthenoospermia

Question 39

FSH, LH, and testosterone levels of a patient with varicocele will show:

Answer 39

all normal no issue with HPG axis

Question 40

provides immediate symptom relief of varicocele

Answer 40

percutaneous drainage

Question 41

most definitive treatment for varicocele

Answer 41

varicocelectomy (ligation of spermatic veins with preservation of lymphatics)

Question 42

when are semen parameters expected to return to normal following varicocelectomy?

Answer 42

3 months (time for spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis)

Question 43

most common complication of varicocelectomy

Answer 43

hydrocele due to lack of drainage

Question 44

treatment for obstructive causes of male infertility

Answer 44

surgery

Question 45

treatment for male infertility due to absence of ductal system

Answer 45

sperm retrieval from testis or epididymis --> IVF, ICSI

Question 46

treatment for male infertility due to low sperm quality but good numbers, female cervix factor

Answer 46

IUI

Question 47

infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after [...] of unprotected intercourse

Answer 47

one year

Question 48

lack of semen

Answer 48

aspermia

Question 49

oligospermia and asthenoospermia would be consistent with what cause of infertility?

Answer 49

varicocele

Question 50

azoospermia and low fructose would be consistent with what cause of infertility?

Answer 50

obstruction of male genital tract

Question 51

most probably cause of infertility due to varicocele

Answer 51

issues with spermatogenesis due to increase in temperature, pressure, and hypoxia of testes

Question 52

lymphatics are [ligated/preserved] in varicocelectomy

Answer 52

preserved

Question 53

spermatic veins are [ligated/preserved] in varicocelectomy

Answer 53

ligated

Question 54

65% of the cases of male infertility are [...]

Answer 54

idiopathic