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Physiology > B8 L6 > Flashcards

B8 L6 Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Testes

A

make sperm and testosterone

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2
Q

Ovaries

A

produce ova and estrogen and progesterone

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3
Q

Germ Cells

A

haploid cells that allow for reproduction

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4
Q

XX Germ Cells

A

make oogonia

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5
Q

XY Germ Cells

A

make sperm

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6
Q

SRY

A

initiates development of testes

if no Y, ovaries developed

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7
Q

XX Theca Cells

A

make progesterone and testosterone

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8
Q

XX Granulosa Cells

A

make progesterone and estrogen from testosterone

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9
Q

XY Sertoli Cells

A

make anti-mullerian hormone

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10
Q

XY Leydig Cells

A

make testosterone

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11
Q

Phenotypic XX

A

Internal- uterus, fallopian tubes, upper vagina

External- clitoris, labia, lower vagina

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12
Q

Phenotypic XY

A

Internal- epididymis, vas deferns, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts
External- penis and scrotum

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13
Q

Wolffian Ducts in Females

A

degenerate

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14
Q

Mullerian Ducts in Females

A

develop into internal genitalia

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15
Q

Wolffian Ducts in Males

A

develop into internal genitalia

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16
Q

Mullerian Ducts in Males

A

degenerate because of secretion of anti-Mullerian hormone

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17
Q

Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis

A

GnRH released from hypothalamus (gonadotropin)
FSH and LH released from pituitary
sex steroids and inhibin/activin released from gonads

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18
Q

Swyer Syndrome

A 
46 chrom
XY, SRY not functional
external female genetalia
non functional streak gonads
intact Mullerian ducts
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19
Q

XX Male

A 
46 chrom
phenotypic male
small testes and breasts
no Mullerian organs
sterile
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20
Q

Klinefelter Syndrome

A

47 XXY
feminization- breast growth
tall, sterile, poor coordination, low muscle mass, broad hips
learning disability

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21
Q

Turner Syndrome

A

45 chrom- X
female missing an X
short, webbed neck, infertile
learning and visual disabilities

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22
Q

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

A

excessive androgen production

XX female with ovaries but ambiguous genitalia

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23
Q

17a Hydroxylase Deficiency

A

XY with underdeveloped or female genitalia
hypokalemia
XX- normal but infertile; no menarche and underveloped female characteristics

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24
Q

17B Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency

A

XY- males with ambiguous or female external genitalia but internal testes
XX- masculinized females

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25
5a Reductase Deficiency
XY | underdeveloped male genitalia but fertile
26
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
mutation of testosterone receptors- elevated lvls but no response XY female- short vagina, no uterus; undescended testes diagnosed w/ failed menarche
27
Sertoli Cells
support cells form blood testis barrier secrete fluid into tubule to transport spermatozoa secrete Androgen Binding Protein to concentrate testosterone in testes
28
Spermatogonia
stem cells
29
Spermocytes
developing sperm that arise from spermatagonia
30
Leydig Cells
in CT outside seminiferous tubules | secrete testosterone
31
Increases blood flow for erection
NO
32
Erection comes from ___ stim
PNS
33
Bulbourethral and Urethral Glands
secrete mucus that clears and lubricates urethra for semen
34
Ejaculation comes from ___ stim
SNS
35
Androgens
masculining effect made from Leydig cells testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione
36
Testosterone in Fetus
allow growth and differentiation of internal genitalia in response to hCG
37
Testosterone release during puberty
in response to GnRH
38
Dihydrotestosterone in Fetus
growth and differentiation of external genitalia in response to hCG
39
Dihydrotestosterone release during puberty
in response to GnRH
40
LH
stim testosterone production | needed for spermatogenesis
41
FSH
Stim spermatogenesis and production of inhibin
42
Testosterone inhibits.....
LH and GnRH release
43
Inhibin
inhibts FSH release
44
Mestruation- Day 1
uterine lining shed due to drop in estrogen and progesterone levels
45
Follicular Phase- Day 5
Drop in estrogen/ progesterone lvls removes inhibition of GnRH FSH/ LH lvls increase, causing dvlpment of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogen, causing GnRH secretion, causing LH secretion, causing ovulation
46
Ovulatory Phase- Day 14
LH lvls increase, causing ovulation follicle ruptures, releasing ovum 14 days before menses
47
Luteal Phase- Days 14-28
Follicle becomes Corpus Luteum- secretes progesterone, which decreases GnRh, LH, and FSH no fertilization- estrogen and progesterone drop, menstruation at day 28
48
Proliferation
until ovulation | estrogen increases proliferation of endometrial cells- gets thicker and increases number of progesterone receptors
49
Secretory Phase - Luteal Phase
high progesterone secrete nutrient rich fluid increases vascularity and growth
50
Premenstrual Phase - End of Luteal until Menstruation
reduction in estrogen and progesterone causes loss of blood flow endometrium lost as menses
51
Estrogen effect on FSH and LH
inhibits them
52
Inhibin effect on FSH and LH
inhibits them
53
Activin
increases FSH and LH
54
Estradiol and Progesterone inhibits....
inhibits FSH and LH release at ant pituitary
55
Menopause
loss of primary follicles increased FSH and LH loss of estrogen
56
Lubrication stim by
PNS
57
Climax stim by
SNS
58
Detection of Sterility
measuring progesterone production
59
Endometriosis
endometrium develops outside uterus causes scarring and fibrosis in pelvic cavity encapsulate ova and not allow it to enter fallopian tube
60
Salpingitis
inflammation of fallopian tubes | fibrosis and scarring prevents ova transit
61
hCG
released from trophoblast | causes corpus luteum to continue to make progesterone and estrogen
62
no hCG
menstruation will occur because of fall in progesterone levels
63
Estrogen w/ Fetus
produced by co-op of mother and fetus causes expansion of uterus enlarges breasts relaxes pelvic ligaments
64
Progesterone w/ Fetus
made by placenta develops decidual cells in endometrium inhibits contractions prepares breasts for lactation
65
Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin
very highly secreted aids in breast dvlpment for lactation decreases insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization- more for fetus
66
Prolactin
prepares breasts for lactation
67
Glucocorticoids
helps maintain high aa in blood
68
Aldosterone
causes pregnancy induced hypertension
69
Change in Maternal Physiology
weight gain increase iron, Ca, protein ingestion increase CO and BV increase GFR and reabsorption
70
Progesterone during Birth
inhibits contractions
71
Estrogen during Birth
increases contractions
72
Oxytocin
secreted by placenta and maternal pituitary glands | induces contractions- more as labor progresses
73
Prostaglandins
induce contractions

Physiology (17 decks)

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