Lecture 4

Question 1

One to One Syapses

Answer 1

one presynaptic to one postsynaptic

Question 2

One to Many Synapses

Answer 2

one presynaptic to 1+ postsynaptic
motorneurons in spinal cord
amplify signal

Question 3

Many to One Synapses

Answer 3

1+ presynaptic to 1 postsynaptic

allows for integration of many signals

Question 4

Synaptic Transmission

Answer 4

neurotransmitter binds, changes post synaptic membrane potential

Question 5

Excitatory Post Synaptic Potentials

Answer 5

depolarize cell towards threshold
Na channels open
Glutamate, Ach

Question 6

Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potentials

Answer 6

hyperpolarize cell away from threshold
Cl channels open
GABA, glycine

Question 7

Temporal Summation

Answer 7

time between synapses

Question 8

Spatial Summation

Answer 8

multiple inputs at the same time

Question 9

Neurotransmitter

Answer 9

made and released by pre-synaptic cell

Question 10

Acetylcholine

Answer 10

made from acetate and choline
stored in vesicles
released in response to Ca2+ influx
broken down by acetylcholine esterase

Question 11

Biogenic Amines

Answer 11

Broken down by MAO, COMT
determines amount of NT released
tryptophan (serotonin and melatonin) and histidine (histamine)

Question 12

Amino Acids

Answer 12

Gaba, Glutamate, glycine

Question 13

Gaseous Transmitters

Answer 13

cell permeant gasses (NO) that can act on postsynaptic cells

Question 14

Neuropeptides

Answer 14

larger molecules like ADH of Oxytocin

neuromodulators and neurohormones

Question 15

Neuromodulators

Answer 15

act on presynaptic cell to affect amount of NT release

Question 16

Neurohormones

Answer 16

made by neurons and released into bloodstream to have effects

Question 17

Purines

Answer 17

released with NT to augment effect

Question 18

Ionotropic Receptors

Answer 18

receptor is ion channel
nicotinic receptor is primarily Na channels, GABA is Cl channels
fast to alter ionic flux

Question 19

Metabotropic Receptors

Answer 19

coupled to G protein
binding of ligand activates protein to make 2nd messenger (IP3, cAMP), which interacts with ion channels and activate kinases

Question 20

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

RTK

Answer 20

Growth factor signaling

starts kinase cascade to change transcription

Question 21

Receptor Tyrosine Phospatase

RTP

Answer 21

Growth Factor Signaling

Question 22

Gs

Answer 22

stim adenylate cyclase- increase cAMP

Question 23

Gi

Answer 23

Inhibits adenylate cyclase

decrease cAMP

Question 24

Phosphodiesterase

PDE

Answer 24

degrades cAMP

Question 25

Gq

Answer 25

activates phospholipase C to make IP3 and DAG

Question 26

IP3

Answer 26

open calcium channels on intracellular stores

Question 27

DAG

Answer 27

activate a kinase cascade through PKC

Question 28

B1 location

Answer 28

heart

Question 29

B2 location

Answer 29

smooth muscle

Question 30

Alpha Adrenergic

Answer 30

respond to NE and Epi a1- Gq a2- Gi

Question 31

Muscarinic Receptors types

Answer 31

respond to Ach Gq- M1, M3, M5 Gi- M2, M4

Question 32

Guanalyl Cyclase

Answer 32

makes cGMP non-receptor can be activated by NO 2nd messenger in phototransduction pathway broken down by PDE