Back and Spinal Cord Flashcards
(32 cards)
how many vertebrae associated with each region
C7 T12 L5 S5 - fused Co4 - fused
how many spinal nerves associated with each region
C - 8 - come out above C1 T - 12 L - 5 S- 5 Co - 1
what is kyphosis
thoracic and sacrum region curvature
present in the foetus
what is lordosis
develop at infancy when weight bearing begins
when does exaggerated kyphosis happen
osteoporosis
when does exaggerated lordosis happen
pregnancy
what is scoliosis
lateral curveture
describe the features of cervical vertebrae
small vertebral body
bifid spine
foramen transversarium (for vertebral artery to brain)
Zygapophysial joints face primarily superiorly-inferiorly
what are the atypical vertebrae of the cervical region
C1 (atlas), C2 (axis) and C7 (vertebra prominens)
what movement do the cervical vertebrae allow
flex, extend and laterally flex.
C1 and C2 allow rotation
describe the features of thoracic vertebrae
long, inferiorly directed spinous process
relatively small, circular vertebral foramen
Zygapophysial joints face primarily anteriorly- posteriorly
what movement do the thoracic vertebrae allow
rotation
why can’t the thoracic vertebrae allow for flexion and extension
costal joints between transverse process ribs
overlapping spinous processes
describe the features of lumbar vertebrae
large vertebral body (weigh bearing)
short, horizontal spinous process
Zygapophysial joints face medially – laterally
what movement do the lumbar vertebrae allow
flexion/ extension and lateral flexion. Limited rotation occurs here.
name the meninges
dura mater
arachnoid mater
—-subarachnoid space—-CSF—-
pia mater
name the ligaments associated with the vertebral column
anterior longitudinal ligament posterior longitudinal ligament supraspinous ligament intraspinous ligament ligamentum flavum
what ligaments are involved in stabilising C1 and C2
cruciate and alar
where does the spinal cord end in adults
L1
what is the conus medularis
tapered, lower end of the spinal cord
what is the cauda equina
bundle of nerves that arise after spinal cord terminates
what is the filum terminale
delicate strand of fibrous tissue proceeding downwards, it attaches to conus medularis and is an extension of pia mater to suspend in CSF
what is grey matter
cell bodies
what is white matter
axons
